*per-(1)
Proto-Indo-European 根词,表示“向前”,并通过扩展表示“在前面,之前,首要,朝向,靠近,反对”等。
它构成了以下单词或部分单词: afford; approach; appropriate; approve; approximate; barbican; before; deprive; expropriate; far; first; for; for-; fore; fore-; forefather; foremost; former (adj.); forth; frame; frau; fret; Freya; fro; froward; from; furnish; furniture; further; galore; hysteron-proteron; impervious; improbity; impromptu; improve; palfrey; par (prep.); para- (1) "alongside, beyond; altered; contrary; irregular, abnormal; " paradise; pardon; paramount; paramour; parvenu; pellucid; per; per-; percent; percussion; perennial; perestroika; perfect; perfidy; perform; perfume; perfunctory; perhaps; peri-; perish; perjury; permanent; permeate; permit; pernicious; perpendicular; perpetual; perplex; persecute; persevere; perspective; perspire; persuasion; pertain; peruse; pervade; pervert; pierce; portray; postprandial; prae-; Prakrit; pre-; premier; presbyter; Presbyterian; preterite; pride; priest; primal; primary; primate; primavera; prime; primeval; primitive; primo; primogenitor; primogeniture; primordial; primus; prince; principal; principle; prior; pristine; private; privilege; privy; pro (n.2) "a consideration or argument in favor; " pro-; probably; probe; probity; problem; proceed; proclaim; prodigal; produce; profane; profess; profile; profit; profound; profuse; project; promise; prompt; prone; proof; proper; property; propinquity; prophet; prose; prostate; prosthesis; protagonist; Protean; protect; protein; Proterozoic; protest; proto-; protocol; proton; protoplasm; Protozoa; proud; prove; proverb; provide; provoke; prow; prowess; proximate; Purana; purchase; purdah; reciprocal; rapprochement; reproach; reprove; veneer。
它是假设的源头,其存在的证据由以下提供:梵语 pari “周围,通过”, parah “更远的,远离的,远大的”, pura “以前,之前”, pra- “之前,向前,向前”; 阿维斯塔语 pairi- “周围”, paro “之前”; 赫梯语 para “在外面”,希腊语 peri “周围,关于,靠近,超出”, pera “横跨,超出”, paros “之前”, para “从旁边,超出”, pro “之前”; 拉丁语 pro “之前,为了,代表,而不是”, porro “向前”, prae “之前”, per “通过”; 古斯拉夫语 pra-dedu “曾祖父”; 俄语 pere- “通过”; 立陶宛语 per “通过”; 古爱尔兰语 ire “更远”, roar “足够”; 哥特语 faura “之前”,古英语 fore(prep。)“之前,在前面”,(adv。)“之前,以前”, fram “向前,从”, feor “到很远的地方,很久以前”; 德语 vor “之前,在前面”; 古爱尔兰语 air- 哥特语 fair-,德语 ver-,古英语 fer-,强调前缀。
*per-(2)
原始印欧语根词,意为“引导,越过”。这是与 *per-(1)相关的动词根,它与基本含义为“向前,通过; 在前面,在之前”等形成介词和前缀。
它构成或部分构成以下单词: aporia; asportation; comport; deport; disport; emporium; Euphrates; export; fare; farewell; fartlek; Ferdinand; fere; fern; ferry; firth; fjord; ford; Fuhrer; gaberdine; import; important; importune; opportune; opportunity; passport; porch; pore(n.)“微小的开口”; port(n.1)“港口”; port(n.2)“门户,入口”; port(n.3)“举止,风度”; port(v.)“搬运”; portable; portage; portal; portcullis; porter(n.1)“搬运工”; porter(n.2)“看门人,管理员”; portfolio; portico; portiere; purport; practical; rapport; report; sport; support; transport; warfare; wayfarer; welfare。
它是假设的来源/其存在的证据由以下单词提供:梵语 parayati “搬运”; 希腊语 poros “旅行,通道,道路”, peirein “穿过,贯穿,奔跑”; 拉丁语 portare “搬运”, porta “门,门户”, portus “港口,海港”,最初是“入口,通道”, peritus “有经验的”; 阿维斯塔语 peretush “通道,浅滩,桥梁”; 亚美尼亚语 hordan “向前走”; 古威尔士语 rit,威尔士语 rhyd “浅滩”; 古斯拉夫语 pariti “飞行”; 古英语 faran “前往,旅行”,古诺尔斯语 fjörðr “海湾,河口”。
*per-(3)
Proto-Indo-European 根词,意为“尝试,冒险”,是通过词根 *per-(1)“向前”延伸的意义,通过“引领,向前推进”的概念而来。
它构成或部分构成以下单词: empiric; empirical; experience; experiment; expert; fear; parlous; peril; perilous; pirate。
它是以下单词的假定来源/其存在的证据由以下单词提供:拉丁语 experiri “尝试”, periculum “试验,风险,危险”; 希腊语 peira “试验,尝试,经验”, empeiros “有经验的”; 古爱尔兰语 aire “警惕”; 古英语 fær “灾难,突然危险,危险,突然袭击”,德语 Gefahr “危险”,哥特语 ferja “守望者”。
*per-(4)
*per-(5)
源自原始印欧词根“*per- (1)”,此词根意指“to traffic in,to sell”,通过“forward,through”的概念扩展而来,而“forward,through”的意思是“交出”或“分配”。
它构成以下词语或部分组成: appraise; appreciate; depreciate; interpret; praise; precious; price; pornography。
这是一个假设的词源,证据来自:梵文 aprata (无报酬,免费); 希腊文 porne (妓女),最初的意思是“购买、购得”,以及 pernanai (销售); 拉丁文 pretium (报酬、奖励、价值); 立陶宛文 perku (我买)。