protest(n.)
约在1400年,“宣誓,承诺,庄严声明”,源自古法语 protest,来自 protester,源自拉丁语 protestari “公开宣布,作证,抗议”,由 pro- “向前,前面”(源自 PIE 词根 *per-(1)“向前”,因此是“在前面,在前面”)和 testari “作证”组成,由 testis “证人”(见 testament)。
“反对声明”的意思记录于1751年。到19世纪末,这主要局限于“针对某些行为或行动的庄严或正式声明”。
“表达对主流社会,政治或文化习俗的不满或拒绝”的形容词意义是在1942年,指美国民权运动(在 protest march 中); protest rally 从1960年开始。 Protest vote,“投票以表达对候选人或当前制度的不满”,始于1905年(指社会党候选人)。
Because they now fully understood the power of the picket line, they were ready and anxious to march on Washington when A. Philip Randolph, president of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, advanced the idea in January 1941 of organizing a Negro protest march on Washington, because Government officials from the President down to minor bureau chiefs, had persistently evaded the issue of combating discrimination in defense industries as well as the Government itself. As the time for the event drew nearer some of the heads of the Government became alarmed; Randolph reported that a ranking New Dealer had told him many Government officials were asking, "What will they think in Berlin?" [Statement of Edgar G. Brown, Revenue Revision of 1942 hearings, 77th Congress, 2nd session]
因为他们现在充分了解了抗议队伍的力量,所以当睡车门房兄弟会主席 A·菲利普·兰多夫在1941年1月提出组织一次黑人抗议游行时,他们已经准备好并渴望前往华盛顿,因为从总统到次要局长的政府官员一直回避了打击国防工业以及政府本身中的歧视问题。随着活动时间的临近,一些政府负责人变得担忧; 兰多夫报告说,一位高级新政派官员告诉他,许多政府官员都在问,“他们会在柏林怎么想?”[埃德加·G·布朗(Edgar G. Brown)的声明,1942年税收修订听证会,第77届国会,第2届会议]
该词起源时间:约1400年