起源于1784年的英语单词列表
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katydid(n.)
1784年,美国英语中一种大型绿色蝗虫的通俗名称,模仿雄性振动翅膀时发出的刺耳声音。在美国东部,是夏夜中熟悉的声音; 1751年,这种声音被更准确地记录为 catedidist。
[T]heir noise is loud and incessant, one perpetually and regularly answering the other in notes exactly similar to the words Katy did, or Katy Katy did, repeated by one, and another immediately bawls out Katy didn't, or Katy Katy didn't. In this loud clamour they continue without ceasing until the fall of the leaf, when they totally disappear. [J.F.D. Smyth, "A Tour in the United States of America," 1784]
“它们的声音响亮而持续,一个不断地回答另一个,发出完全相似的 Katy did 或 Katy Katy did,一个人重复,另一个人立即大喊 Katy didn't 或 Katy Katy didn't。在这种响亮的喧闹声中,它们持续不断,直到落叶时节,它们就会完全消失。”[J.F.D. Smyth,“美国之旅”,1784年]
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lollipop(n.)
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lurch(n.1)
"突然向一侧倾斜",1784年,源自早期的 lee-larches(1765),是航海术语,指“船在大海中突然向李侧倾斜,当一大浪袭击船体并将其风侧猛烈抬起时,船体的另一侧相应地下降”["Complete Dictionary of Arts and Sciences," London 1765]。这可能源自法语 lacher “放手”,源自拉丁语 laxus(见 lax)。
When a Ship is brought by the Lee, it is commonly occaſsioned by a large Sea, and by the Neglect of the Helm's-man. When the Wind is two or three Points on the Quarter, the Ship taking a Lurch, brings the Wind on the other Side, and lays the Sails all dead to the Maſt; as the Yards are braced up, ſhe then having no Way, and the Helm being of no Service, I would therefore brace about the Head ſails ſharp the other Way .... [John Hamilton Moore, Practical Navigator, 8th ed., 1784]
当船被带到李侧时,通常是由于大浪和舵手的疏忽造成的。当风在四分之二或三点时,船体突然倾斜,将风带到另一侧,并将帆全部压在桅杆上; 由于桅杆被拉紧,船体没有速度,舵也没有作用,因此我会将前帆急转向另一侧....[约翰·汉密尔顿·摩尔(John Hamilton Moore),《实用导航员》,第8版,1784年]
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meerschaum(n.)
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melodrama(n.)
1784年(1782年作为 melo drame),“一种使用音乐的戏剧作品”,源自法语 mélodrame(1772年),源自希腊语 melos “歌曲”(参见 melody)和法语 drame “戏剧”(参见 drama)。
In early 19th century use, a stage-play (usually romantic and sentimental in plot and incident) in which songs were interspersed and in which the action was accompanied by orchestral music appropriate to the situations. In later use the musical element gradually ceased to be an essential feature of the 'melodrama', and the name now denotes a dramatic piece characterized by sensational incidents and violent appeals to the emotions, but with a happy ending. [OED]
在19世纪早期的使用中,是一种舞台剧(通常情节浪漫、感伤),其中穿插歌曲,行动伴随着适合情境的管弦乐。在后来的使用中,音乐元素逐渐不再是“情歌剧”的必要特征,现在这个名称指的是一种以轰动事件和强烈的情感呼吁为特征的戏剧作品,但结局是幸福的。[OED]
从1784年到1883年,这种转变向“一个浪漫而轰动的戏剧作品,有一个幸福的结局”明显。西班牙语 melodrama 、意大利语 melodramma 、德语 melodram 也都源自法语。相关词汇: Melodramatize。
The melodramatist's task is to get his characters labelled good & wicked in his audience's minds, & to provide striking situations that shall provoke & relieve anxieties on behalf of poetic justice. [Fowler]
情歌剧作家的任务是让他的角色在观众的心目中被标记为好人和坏人,并提供引人注目的情境,以引发并缓解对诗意正义的焦虑。[Fowler]
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metapolitics(n.)
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mummy(n.2)
1784年,是 mammy 的童言变化。另一种形式 mumsy 于1876年被证实。
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parachute(n.)
"降落伞是一种装置,通常呈非常大的伞形,在飞机中携带,它可以让人或物体在不受伤害或造成损坏的情况下落到下面的表面上," 1784 年(在巴黎尝试使用它的第一年)由法国 parachute 发明,其字面意思是 "防止坠落的装置",这个混合词是法国飞行员弗朗索瓦·布兰查尔德(1753-1809)创造的,由 para- "防御; 抵御" (见 para- (2)) + chute "跌落,坠落" (见 chute) 组成。
PARACHUTE, a kind of large and strong umbrella, contrived to break a person's fall from an airballoon, should any accident happen to the balloon at a high elevation. ["Supplement to the Encyclopaedia or Dictionary of Arts and Sciences," Philadelphia, 1803]
降落伞是一种大而强壮的伞,专门设计用于缓解人从高空气球上坠落的冲击,在气球意外发生时使用。["Encyclopaedia 或 Dictionary of Arts and Sciences"增刊,费城,1803年]
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Pashto(n.)
1784年,主要的阿富汗语言,源自波斯语 pashto(阿富汗语 pakhto)。相关词汇: Pashtun。
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patisserie(n.)
1784年,源自法语 pâtisserie “糕点店”,来自 pâtisser “糕点销售商,糕点师”,源自14世纪的古法语 pasticier,源自中世纪拉丁语 pasticium “馅饼,由面团制成”,源自晚期拉丁语 pasta “面团,糕点蛋糕”(参见 pasta)。