起源于1560年代的英语单词列表
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pettifogger(n.)
“小事务或卑劣业务中雇用的下级或卑劣律师”,或者如亨利所说,“下等律师:骗子律师”,1560年代,通常被视为两个单词或连字符。第一个是 petty; 第二个元素可能是省级 fogger “小贩; 骗子,从事卑鄙或不体面的行为的人”,可能来自荷兰废弃的 focker,来自弗拉芒语 focken “欺骗”,或来自中古英语 fugger; 这两个词似乎都来自奥格斯堡15世纪至16世纪著名的商人和金融家家族 Fugger 的名字。在德语、弗拉芒语和荷兰语中,这个姓氏成为“垄断者、富人、高利贷者”的词。
A 'petty Fugger' would mean one who on a small scale practices the dishonourable devices for gain popularly attributed to great financiers; it seems possible that the phrase 'petty fogger of the law,' applied in this sense to some notorious person, may have caught the popular fancy. [OED first edition]
“小福格尔”意味着那些在小规模上从事为了获得利益而流行的不光彩手段的人,可能是这个短语“法律的小骗子”在这个意义上应用于某些臭名昭著的人,可能已经引起了大众的幻想。[OED 第一版]
然而,OED 还注意到 pettifactor “承担小案件的法律代理人”(1580年代),虽然稍晚被证实,但可能是这个词的来源。相关: Pettifoggery。
A pettie fogger, a silly aduocate or lawyer, rather a trouble-Toune, hauing neither law nor conscience. [Minsheu, "Guide to Tongues," 1627]
一个 pettie fogger,一个愚蠢的律师或律师,更像是一个麻烦城镇,既没有法律也没有良心。[明舍,“语言指南”,1627年]
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phrase(v.)
"用特定的短语表达,用短语表达",1560年代; 参见 phrase(名词)。相关词汇: Phrased; phrasing。
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physiology(n.)
1560年代,“研究和描述自然物体,自然哲学”(现已过时),源自法语 physiologie(16世纪)或直接源自拉丁语 physiologia “自然科学,自然研究”,源自希腊语 physiologia “自然科学,对自然的探究”,源自 physios “自然”(参见 physio-) + logia “研究”(参见 -logy)。意思是“生物正常功能的科学”可追溯至1610年代。相关词汇: Physiologic; physiologist。
The two words [physics/physiology] had once the same wide meaning of natural science or natural philosophy. They have now been narrowed & differentiated, physics retaining only the properties of matter & energy in inorganic nature, & physiology only the normal functions & phenomena of living beings. [Fowler, 1926]
这两个词[ physics/physiology ]曾经具有相同的广泛意义,即自然科学或自然哲学。现在它们已经被缩小和区分, physics 仅保留无机自然界中物质和能量的属性,而 physiolog y 仅保留生物的正常功能和现象。[福勒,1926]
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pica(n.2)
1560年代,“对不适合食用的物质(如白垩)的病态渴望”,源自中世纪拉丁语 pica “喜鹊”(见 pie(n.2)),可能翻译自希腊语 kissa, kitta “喜鹊,松鸦”,也指“虚假的食欲”。连接概念可能是鸟类的不加区分的进食。比较 geophagy。
As the magpie eats young birds, here is the bird to keep the sparrows' numbers in check, for it will live in towns and close to dwellings—just the localities sparrows frequent. The magpie's appetite is omnivorous, and it is charged with at times killing weakly lambs, and varying its diet by partaking of grain and fruit; but I never at Home heard any complaints of this bird from the farmers, whilst the gamekeepers had not a good word for it. The bird will eat carrion, so if one were disturbed taking a meal from a dead lamb it would probably be blamed for its death, which may have occurred from natural causes. [A. Bathgate, "The Sparrow Plague and its Remedy," in Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, 1903]
由于喜鹊会吃幼鸟,所以这是一种可以控制麻雀数量的鸟类,因为它会生活在城镇和靠近住宅的地方——正是麻雀经常出没的地方。喜鹊的食欲是杂食性的,有时会袭击虚弱的小羊,并通过食用谷物和水果来改变其饮食; 但我从未听说过农民对这种鸟有任何抱怨,而养鸟人对它并不满意。这种鸟会吃腐肉,所以如果有人打扰它从死羊身上吃饭,它可能会因其死亡而受到指责,而这可能是由于自然原因导致的。[A. Bathgate,“麻雀瘟疫及其解决方法”,见《新西兰学会交易》,1903年]
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pikeman(n.)
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plane(adj.)
“having the characteristics of a plane,” 1560年代,源自法语 plan,源自拉丁语 planus “平的,水平的,均匀的”(参见 plane(n.1))。
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Platonism(n.)
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pleat(v.)
"折叠或褶起",1560年代,用作 plait(n.)的动词版本,可能代表另一种发音。 相关: Pleated; pleating。
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plebeian(adj.)
"of or characteristic of the lower class or the common people," was first used in 1560s in a Roman historical context, originates from Latin word plebeius , which means "belonging to the plebs ." Before that, it meant plebes , referring to "the populace, the common people" (as opposed to patricians, etc.). It also referred to "commonality; the mass, the multitude; the lower class" (from PIE *ple- , from the root *pele- (1) "to fill"). The word was generally used from the 1580s onwards.
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pliers(n.)
"小钳子,长嘴适用于夹持小物品",1560年代,复数代词从 ply (v.2)派生而来。法语同源词 plieur 的意思是“折叠器”。