起源于1896年的英语单词列表
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non-renewable(adj.)
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non-returnable(adj.)
也称 nonreturnable,1896年起源于保险业,意为“不可退还的”,由 non- 和 returnable 组成。1926年开始用于包装领域。
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non-violent(adj.)
也称 nonviolent,意为“使用和平手段”,尤其是为了改变社会,起源于1896年,由 non- 和 violent(形容词)组成。从1920年开始,指“避免使用暴力的原则或实践”,出现在 M.K.甘地的著作中。
It is better to be violent, if there is violence in our hearts, than to put on the cloak of non-violence to cover impotence. [Gandhi, "Non-violence in Peace and War," 1948]
如果我们的内心充满暴力,那么最好是采取暴力行动,而不是披上非暴力的外衣掩盖无能。[甘地,《和平与战争中的非暴力》,1948年]
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nuanced(adj.)
"具有或展示色调等方面的细微渐变",1896年,来自动词 nuance(见该词条)的过去分词形容词。
The new co-operative history of English literature which the University of Cambridge is now publishing prints "genre" without italics. And it even permits one contributor—and a contributor who is discussing Shakespeare!—to say that something is delicately "nuanced." Is there now an English verb "to nuance"? It is terrible to think of the bad language the scholars of the venerable English university might have used if "nuanced" had been first discovered in the text of an American author. [Scribner's Magazine," January 1911]
剑桥大学现在出版的英国文学新合作历史将“genre”印刷为非斜体字。它甚至允许一位撰稿人——一位正在讨论莎士比亚的撰稿人!——说某些东西是精细的“nuanced”。现在是否有一个英语动词“to nuance”?如果“nuanced”是首次在美国作家的文本中被发现,那么这位古老的英国大学的学者们可能会使用多么糟糕的语言。[《斯克里布纳杂志》,1911年1月]
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proctology(n.)
"肛门或直肠医学分支",1896年,源自希腊语 prōktos 的拉丁化形式"anus"(源自 PIE *prokto-, 同时也是亚美尼亚语 erastan-k' "buttocks"的来源)+ -logy "study of." 相关词汇: Proctologist (1897)。
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psychoanalysis(n.)
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punk(adj.)
「劣质的,糟糕的」,1896年,也作为名词,「毫无价值的东西」,早期指「用作火绒的腐烂木材」(1680年代),「这是新英格兰地区以及其他北部州和加拿大常用的词语」[巴特利特]; 可能来自特拉华(阿尔冈昆)ponk,字面意思是「灰尘,粉末,灰烬」; 但盖尔语 spong「火绒」也曾被提出(比较 spunk「火绒,火种」,1580年代)。
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radiography(n.)
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radioscopy(n.)
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ragtime(n.)
也称为 rag-time,"节奏感强、爵士风格的钢琴音乐",1896年,可能源自 rag "舞蹈舞会"(1895年,美国英语方言),或者是 ragged 的缩写,指的是节奏感强的旋律。Rag(名词)"拉格泰姆舞曲"始于1897年。
If rag-time was called tempo di raga or rague-temps it might win honor more speedily. ... What the derivation of the word is[,] I have not the faintest idea. The negroes call their clog-dancing "ragging" and the dance a "rag." [Rupert Hughes, Boston Musical Record, April 1900]
如果将拉格泰姆称为 tempo di raga 或 rague-temps,它可能会更快地赢得荣誉。... 关于这个词的起源,我一点也不知道。黑人称他们的踢踏舞为"ragging",舞蹈称为"rag"。[鲁珀特·休斯,《波士顿音乐记录》,1900年4月]
Conceive the futility of trying to reduce the intangible ragness to a strict system of misbegotten grace notes and untimely rests! In attempting to perfect, and simplify, art is destroying the unhampered spirit in which consists the whole beauty of rag-time music. The very essence of rag-time is that it shall lack all art, depending for the spirit to be infused more upon the performer than upon the composer himself. [Yale Literary Magazine, June 1899]
试图将无形的"ragness"归结为一套严格的错误优雅音符和不合时宜的休止符的系统,其无用之处可想而知!在试图完善和简化的过程中,艺术正在破坏那种无拘无束的精神,而这种精神正是拉格泰姆音乐的整个美丽所在。拉格泰姆的本质就在于它应该缺乏一切艺术,更多地依赖于演奏者而不是作曲家本人来注入精神。[《耶鲁文学杂志》,1899年6月]
Her first "rag-time" was "The Bully," in which she made great sport by bringing a little coloured boy on the stage with her. Miss [May] Irwin says the way to learn to sing "rag-time" is to catch a negro and study him. [Lewis C. Strang, "Famous Actresses of the Day in America," Boston, 1899]
她的第一首"拉格泰姆"是《恶霸》,她在舞台上带了一个小黑男孩,给大家带来了很多乐趣。伊尔温小姐说学唱"拉格泰姆"的方法是抓住一个黑人并研究他。[刘易斯·C·斯特朗,《当代美国著名女演员》,波士顿,1899年]