起源于1640年代的英语词汇列表
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sectarian(adj.)
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selectman(n.)
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self-denial(n.)
"自我放弃的行为; 拒绝满足自己的欲望",1640年代,来自 self- + denial。
Self-denial is to be presumed wise, necessary, or benevolent, unless indication is given to the contrary ; it may be the denial of selfishness; it may be not only the refusal to take what one might have, but the voluntary surrender of what one has ; it may be an act, a habit, or a principle. [Century Dictionary]
Self-denial 被认为是明智、必要或仁慈的,除非有相反的迹象; 它可能是对自私的否定; 它不仅可能是拒绝接受自己可能拥有的东西,还可能是自愿放弃自己已经拥有的东西; 它可能是一种行为、习惯或原则。[世纪词典]
相关词汇: Self-denier; self-denying(形容词)在1630年代表示“涉及自我放弃”,也表示“以自我否定为特征的”。
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self-examination(n.)
1640年代,“对自己的状态、行为或动机的审查”,来自于 self- 和 examination。到1955年,“检查自己的身体是否有疾病迹象”的意思。
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self-interest(n.)
"关注或追求个人利益,为自己谋取利益",来自1640年代的 self- + interest(n.)。特别是指"自私,追求自我利益,排除对他人的关注"。相关词汇: Self-interested,"以自我利益为特征"(1650年代); self-interestedness。
[Self-interest] is a doctrine not very lofty, but clear and sure. It does not seek to attain great objects; but it attains those it aims for without too much effort. ... [It] does not produce great devotion; but it suggests little sacrifices each day; by itself it cannot make a man virtuous; but it forms a multitude of citizens who are regulated, temperate, moderate, farsighted, masters of themselves; and if it does not lead directly to virtue through the will, it brings them near to it insensibly through habits. [Alexis de Tocqueville, "Democracy in America"]
[自利]是一种不太高尚但清晰而确定的信条。它不寻求实现伟大的目标; 但它可以在不费太多努力的情况下实现其目标。...[它]不会产生伟大的奉献精神; 但它每天都会提出一些小小的牺牲; 它本身不能使一个人变得有德行; 但它形成了一大批自律、节制、适度、有远见、自我掌控的公民; 如果它不能通过意志直接导致美德,那么它通过习惯不知不觉地使他们接近美德。[亚历克西斯·德·托克维尔,《论美国的民主》]
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self-satisfaction(n.)
"满足于自己的卓越表现",1640年代; 见 self- + satisfaction。相关词汇: Self-satisfied(1734年); self-satisfying(1670年代)。
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semicolon(n.)
also semi-colon,点号用于标点符号,由一个点放在一个逗号上方组成,用于标记一个比逗号标记的句子稍微独立一些的句子,1640年代,这是一个由拉丁词源 semi- 和希腊词源 colon(n.1)组合而成的混合词。这个标记本身在希腊语中是疑问点。semicolon butterfly(1841年起,美国英语)因其翅膀上的银色标记而得名。
[T]he semicolon was a Latin delicacy which the obtuse English typographer resisted. So late as 1580 and 1590 treatises on orthography do not recognize any such innovation ; the Bible of 1592, though printed with appropriate accuracy, is without a semicolon ; but in 1633 its full rights are established by Charles Butler's English Grammar. ... [I]t is evident that Shakespeare could never have used the semicolon ; a circumstance which the profound George Chalmers mourns over, opining that semicolons would often have saved the poet from his commentators. [Isaac. D'Israeli, "Amenities of Literature," 1841]
“分号是拉丁语的一种美食,被愚蠢的英国排字工人抵制。直到1580年和1590年,拼写法论文都没有承认这种创新; 1592年的圣经,虽然印刷得很准确,但没有分号; 但在1633年,查尔斯·巴特勒的英语语法确立了它的完全权利。...很明显,莎士比亚从来没有使用过分号; 这是深思熟虑的乔治·查尔默斯为之悲伤的一个事实,他认为分号经常会使诗人免受评论家的困扰。”(艾萨克·迪斯雷利,《文学的乐趣》,1841年)
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sensorium(n.)
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sensuous(adj.)
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septennial(adj.)