起源于1610年代的英语词汇列表
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planchet(n.)
“制造硬币的金属圆片”,1610年代,源自法语 planchette,其字面意思为“小木板”,是 Old French planche(12世纪; plank 的词源)的一种指小型物品的表达方式,源自 Late Latin planca,即“板,石板,木板”,可能来源于拉丁语 plancus,意为“平坦的,有平足的”,源自 PIE root *plak- (1)“变为平坦的”。
三条腿托起的小巧心形 planchette,在自动写作和 Ouija 板上使用,是法语单词的再借用,始于1860年。
If the tips of the fingers of one person, or of two, are placed lightly upon it, the board will often, after a time, move without conscious effort on the part of the operator, and the pencil-point will, it is said, trace lines, words, and even sentences. It was invented about 1855, and was for a time an object of not a little superstition. [Century Dictionary]
如果一个人或两个人的手指轻轻放在其上,该板通常会在一段时间后不需要操作者意识的努力,而移动,铅笔尖会绘制线条,单词,甚至是句子。 它是在1855年左右发明的,曾经是一种颇具迷信色彩的对象。
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plasm(n.)
1610年代,“用于铸造或形成特定形状的模具或模型”(现已过时); 参见 plasma。在生物学中,1864年出现了“细胞中的活性物质,原生质”的含义。
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plentitude(n.)
1610年代, plenitude 的错误形式,可能受到 plenty 等的影响。
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plinth(n.)
"罗马柱底部的平面、方形桌子或板条; 任何建筑部件底部的方形饰条",1610年代,源自法语 plinthe(16世纪),直接源自拉丁语 plinthus,来自希腊语 plinthos "砖头,方石",源自 PIE *splind- "分裂,劈开",源自根 *(s)plei- "接合,分裂"(参见 flint)。
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plunger(n.)
1610年代,“跳水者”,源自 plunge(动词)。1777年开始用于各种机械(例如搅拌器); 1936年开始用作“管道疏通工使用的设备”。
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pocket(adj.)
1610年代,“与口袋有关或适用于口袋”的意思,来自 pocket(名词)。Pocket-money “零用钱”可追溯到1630年代; pocket-handkerchief 来自1640年代。通常仅意味着某物的小型版本(例如战舰的小型版本,从1930年开始; 还可以比较 Pocket Venus “美丽的小女人”,可追溯到1808年)。Pocket veto 可追溯到1842年,美国英语。
The "pocket veto" can operate only in the case of bills sent to the President within ten days of Congressional adjournment. If he retain such a bill (figuratively, in his pocket) neither giving it his sanction by signing it, nor withholding his sanction in returning it to Congress, the bill is defeated. The President is not bound to give reasons for defeating a bill by a pocket veto which he has not had at least ten days to consider. In a regular veto he is bound to give such reasons. [James Albert Woodburn, "The American Republic and its Government," Putnam's, 1903]
“口袋否决权”只能在国会休会后十天内将法案送交总统的情况下运作。如果他保留这样的法案(比喻地说,在他的口袋里),既不签署也不退回给国会,那么该法案就失败了。总统不必为通过口袋否决权击败法案而不得不考虑至少十天的理由。在常规否决权中,他必须给出这样的理由。[詹姆斯·阿尔伯特·伍德伯恩,“美国共和国及其政府”,普特南出版社,1903年]
在英国历史上, pocket borough(1798年起)是指议会代表权由一个人或家族控制的选区。
BRAMBER, Sussex. This is one of the burgage-tenure or nomination boroughs. The place altogether consists only of twenty-two miserable thatched cottages, and is composed of two intersections of a street, the upper and middle parts of which constitute another pocket borough, called Steyning, which we shall notice in the second class, as belonging to the Duke of Norfolk. ["A Key to the House of Commons," London, 1820]
萨塞克斯的布兰伯(BRAMBER)。这是一个土地特许或提名选区之一。这个地方总共只有二十二个破旧的茅草屋,由一条街道的两个交叉口组成,上部和中部构成另一个口袋选区,称为斯泰宁,我们将在第二类中提到,因为它属于诺福克公爵。[“下议院的钥匙”,伦敦,1820年]
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pocketful(n.)
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pocketbook(n.)
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polygamous(adj.)
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polytheism(n.)
"信仰多于一个神的教义",1610年代,源自法语 polythéisme(16世纪),由希腊语 polytheia "polytheism", polytheos "属于许多神的",由 polys "许多"(源自 PIE 词根 *pele-(1)"填充")和 theos "神"(源自 PIE 词根 *dhes-, 形成宗教概念的词语)组成。
The various modes of worship, which prevailed in the Roman world, were all considered by the people, as equally true; by the philosopher, as equally false; and by the magistrate, as equally useful. And thus toleration produced not only mutual indulgence, but even religious concord. [Gibbon]
罗马世界中盛行的各种崇拜方式,被人们视为同样真实; 被哲学家视为同样虚假; 被政府官员视为同样有用。因此,宽容不仅产生了相互宽容,甚至产生了宗教和谐。[吉本]