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monk的词源解释,monk来源

monk(n.)

"修行宗教信仰或履行宗教职责的男性社群或修会成员,并受特定誓约约束",古英语 munuc(也用于女性),源自原始日耳曼语 *muniko-(也是古弗里斯兰语 munek 、中古荷兰语 monic 、古高地德语 munih 、德语 Mönch 的来源),早期从通俗拉丁语 *monicus 借用而来(法语 moine 、西班牙语 monje 、意大利语 monaco 的来源),源自晚期拉丁语 monachus 的"修道士",最初指的是"宗教隐士",源自教会希腊语 monakhos 的"修道士",是一个古希腊形容词的名词用法,意为"独居",源自 monos 的"独自"(源自 PIE 词根 *men-(4)"小的,孤立的")。在教会历史上,最早的修道士是为了宗教冥想和独自履行宗教职责而隐退世俗的男性。关于 -o- 替换 -u- 的原因,请参见 come

In England, before the Reformation, the term was not applied to the members of the mendicant orders, who were always called friars. From the 16th c. to the 19th c., however, it was usual to speak of the friars as a class of monks. In recent times the distinction between the terms has been carefully observed by well-informed writers. In French and Ger. the equivalent of monk is applied equally to 'monks' and 'friars.' [OED]
在英国,宗教改革之前,该术语不适用于行乞修会的成员,他们总是被称为 friars.。然而,从16世纪到19世纪,通常将修道士称为一个修会的类别。近年来,精通知识的作家们已经仔细区分了这两个术语。在法语和德语中, monk 的等效词既适用于"修道士"也适用于"修士"。[OED]