起源于1824年的英语短语列表
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fourth estate（n.）
“新闻界”（the press）在1824年，尤其是从1831年开始在英国英语中使用。至于另外三个词，见 estate。在此之前，该术语曾被用于各种没有留下痕迹的意义，包括“暴民”（1752年），“律师”（1825年）。将其扩展到新闻界可能是前者的产物。
Hence, through the light of letters and the liberty of the press, public opinion has risen to the rank of a fourth estate in our constitution; in times of quiet and order, silent and still, but in the collisions of the different branches of our government, deciding as an umpire with unbounded authority. ["Memoir of James Currie, M.D.," 1831]
因此，通过文字的启示和新闻自由， public opinion 在我们的宪法中上升为第四权力； 在平静和秩序的时期，沉默而静止，但在政府不同分支之间的冲突中，作为裁判员拥有无限的权威。【《詹姆斯·柯瑞医生回忆录》，1831年】
[Newspapers] began to assume some degree of political importance, during the civil wars of the seventeenth century, in England; but it is not until within the last fifty years that they have become, — as they are now justly styled, — a Fourth Estate, exercising a more powerful influence on the public affairs of the countries in which they are permitted to circulate freely, than the other three put together. [Alexander H. Everett, "Address to the Phi Beta Kappa Society of Bowdoin College," 1834]
在英国17世纪的内战期间，报纸开始具有一定的政治重要性； 但直到最近50年，它们才成为——正如它们现在被公正地称呼的那样——一个 Fourth Estate，对于它们被允许自由传播的国家的公共事务产生比其他三个权力加起来更强大的影响。【亚历山大·H·埃弗雷特，《博德因学院菲贝塔卡帕学会演讲》，1834年】
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infra dig.
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kitchen sink（n.）
1824年，"sink"用来指洗涤食物、餐具等。短语"everything but" (或"and) the kitchen sink")出现于1944年，源自二战时期武装部队的俚语，指强烈的炮击轰炸。
Out for blood, our Navy throws everything but the kitchen sink at Jap vessels, warships and transports alike. [Shell fuel advertisement, Life magazine, Jan. 24, 1944]
我们的海军为了搜寻鲸鱼，在战舰、船只和运输船上面对着所有的敌人，甚至翻遍整座战场。[《生活》杂志，1944年1月24日]
较早使用的是"everything but the kitchen stove" (1919)。
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Three Rs（n.）
1824年； 据说是由伦敦十九世纪二十年代备受喜爱的市长威廉·柯蒂斯爵士（1752-1829）提出的祝酒词，他似乎是一个被人们嘲笑的人物，被归因于许多语言错误。他据称在公共晚宴上提出的祝酒词包括“伦敦女性”、“三个 C——考克斯、国王和柯蒂斯”和“三个 R——阅读、写作和算术”。
It has been very much the fashion amongst a class of persons to attribute to Sir W. C. ... a vulgarity and ignorance of speech which are by no means consistent with his character and conduct. The worthy and hospitable baronet has a rapid mode of speech, but it is always correct ; and although some eccentricities are mixed up in his composition, he is highly honourable, and has been a very useful member of society, particularly to his London constituents. [The Mirror, Jan. 29, 1825]
在某些人中，流行将粗俗和语言无知归因于威廉·柯蒂斯爵士，这与他的品格和行为并不一致。这位值得尊敬和好客的男爵有一种快速的说话方式，但它总是正确的； 虽然他的性格中掺杂了一些古怪的东西，但他非常诚实，并且对社会特别是对他的伦敦选民非常有用。[《镜子报》，1825年1月29日]
在列举了一些例子之后，文章继续说：
It is, however, very certain, that at a city festival some years ago, having indulged very freely, he fell asleep, when some wag, choosing to consider him dead, wrote his epitaph, which was found next morning pinned to the baronet's dress coat:—
"Here lies the great Curtis,
Of London, Lord May'r:
He's left this here world,
And gone to that there."
然而，有一年在城市节日上，他喝得很醉，睡着了，当时有人选择认为他死了，写了他的墓志铭，第二天早上发现它别在男爵的礼服上：
“这里躺着伟大的柯蒂斯，
伦敦市长：
他离开了这个世界，
去了那里。”
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white trash（n.）
1824年，最初出现在南方非裔美国人的方言中。
The slaves themselves entertain the very highest contempt for white servants, whom they designate as 'poor white trash.' [Fanny Kemble, journal, Jan. 6, 1833]
“奴隶们对白人仆人非常鄙视，称他们为‘可怜的白人垃圾’。”[范妮·肯布尔，日记，1833年1月6日]
[T]he term [poor white] is rather loosely applied by Northern writers even to mountaineers and to small farmers who live on a precarious footing. But in the Southern conception, not everyone who is both poor and white is a "poor white." To the Southerner, the "poor white" in the strictest sense is a being beyond the pale of even the most generous democratic recognition; in the negro's term, "po' white trash," or so much social débris. [Robert Penn Warren, "The Briar Patch," 1930, footnote]
“‘可怜的白人’这个词汇在北方的概念中，甚至被宽泛地应用于山民和靠不稳定生计为生的小农民。但在南方的概念中，不是每个既贫穷又是白人的人都是‘可怜的白人’。对南方人来说，‘可怜的白人’在最严格的意义上是一种超出最慷慨的民主承认范围的存在； 在黑人的术语中，是“贫穷的白人垃圾”，或者说是社会上的废物。”[罗伯特·佩恩·沃伦，“荆棘丛中”，1930年，脚注]