d字母开头的单词列表
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double standard(n.)
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doublet(n.)
14世纪中期,“一种紧身男式外衣,从颈部到臀部或大腿覆盖身体”,源自古法语 doublet(12世纪),源自 duble 的缩小形式“双倍,两倍”,源自拉丁语 duplus “双倍,两倍”(参见 double(形容词))。
从16世纪到18世纪, doublet and hose 指“典型的男性服装”。从1550年代开始,“一对相似的两件事物”,最初指同一语言中形式不同但来自同一祖先词的单词。
In philol., a duplicate form of a word ; one of two (or, by extension, three or more) words originally the same, but having come to differ in form, and usually more or less in meaning. Doublets are very common in English. They usually consist of an older and a later form, the older being generally descended and the later directly borrowed from the same original (as benison, benediction; malison, malediction, etc.), or two accidental variations of one original, sometimes slightly discriminated (as alarm, alarum, etc.), or of a standard literary and a dialectal form (as church, kirk; lord, laird, etc.). [Century Dictionary]
在语言学中,一个单词的重复形式; 最初是两个(或扩展为三个或更多)单词,但形式不同,通常在意义上或多或少有所不同。在英语中,双词很常见。它们通常由一个旧形式和一个较新的形式组成,旧形式通常是后代,而较新的形式则是直接从同一原始形式借来的(如 benison, benediction; malison, malediction 等),或者是一个原始形式的两个意外变化,有时略有区别(如 alarm, alarum 等),或者是标准文学和方言形式(如 church, kirk; lord, laird 等)。[世纪词典]
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double-take(n.)
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double-team(v.)
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doublethink(n.)
"同时持有两种矛盾信念并接受它们"(奥威尔),1948年,由乔治·奥威尔在《1984》中创造,来自 double(形容词)+ think。
To know and not to know, to be conscious of complete truthfulness while telling carefully constructed lies, to hold simultaneously two opinions which cancelled out, knowing them to be contradictory and believing in both of them, to use logic against logic, to repudiate morality while laying claim to it, to believe that democracy was impossible and that the Party was the guardian of democracy, to forget whatever it was necessary to forget, then to draw it back into memory again at the moment when it was needed, and then promptly to forget it again, and above all, to apply the same process to the process itself—that was the ultimate subtlety: consciously to induce unconsciousness, and then, once again, to become unconscious of the act of hypnosis you had just performed. Even to understand the word—doublethink—involved the use of doublethink. ["Nineteen Eighty-Four"]
知道而又不知道,当你讲述精心构造的谎言时,意识到完全真实,同时持有两种相互抵消的观点,知道它们是矛盾的并相信它们,用逻辑反对逻辑,否认道德却声称拥有它,相信民主是不可能的,而党是民主的守护者,忘记必要的事情,然后在需要的时候将其重新记起,然后立即再次忘记,最重要的是,将同样的过程应用于过程本身——这是最终的微妙之处:有意识地诱导无意识,然后再次变得无意识,忘记你刚刚执行的催眠行为。即使理解这个词——双重思想——也涉及到使用双重思想。["1984"]
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doubly(adv.)
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doubloon(n.)
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doubt(v.)
公元1200年左右, douten, duten,"害怕,恐惧"(现已过时),源自古法语 doter "怀疑,表示怀疑; 害怕",源自拉丁语 dubitare "怀疑,质疑,犹豫,观点摇摆"(与 dubius "不确定"相关),源自 duo "两个"(源自 PIE 词根 *dwo- "两个"),具有"犹豫不决,在两种观点之间"的意义。与 dubious 相比。从词源上讲,意味着"必须在两者之间做出选择"。
"害怕"的意义在古法语中发展,并传承到英语中。意为"不确定,犹豫或观点摇摆"的含义可追溯到公元1300年左右的英语。"对真相或事实不确定"和"不信任,对...的不确定"的及物动词意义可追溯到公元1300年左右。
在14世纪至16世纪,法语和英语的抄写员模仿拉丁语将 -b- 恢复使用。法语在17世纪再次放弃了它,但英语保留了它。
它取代了古英语的 tweogan(名词 twynung),源自 tweon "两个",意味着"犹豫不决"或拉丁语 dubitare. 中隐含的两种选择。与德语 Zweifel "怀疑"相比,后者源自 zwei "两个"。
doubt(n.)
约1200年, doute,指“对某事真相的不确定性”,源自古法语 dote(11世纪)的“恐惧,怀疑”,来自 doter(见 doubt(v.))。后来插入了 -b-,如同动词。指“不确定的事情”是从14世纪末开始的。短语 no doubt “毫无疑问,肯定”始于约1400年。
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doubtful(adj.)
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doubtless(adv.)