d字母开头的单词列表
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dysphemism(n.)
"将粗俗或贬义的词语或表达替换为庄重或正常的词语或表达",起源于1873年,源自希腊语 dys- "坏的,异常的,困难的"(见 dys-) + phēmē "言语,声音,话语,说话",源自 phanai "说话"(源自 PIE 词根 *bha-(2)"说话,讲述,说"); 希腊语 dysphemia 意为"恶语,不祥之言"。与 euphemism 相反。1933年从法语 dysphémisme(1927年,Carnoy)重新发现。
The French psychologist Albert J. Carnoy gave an extensive definition in his study Le Science du Mot, which in translation runs: "Dysphemism is unpitying, brutal, mocking. It is also a reaction against pedantry, rigidity and pretentiousness, but also against nobility and dignity in language" (1927, xxii, 351). [Geoffrey L. Hughes, "An Encyclopedia of Swearing," 2006]
法国心理学家阿尔伯特·J·卡诺伊在他的研究 Le Science du Mot 中给出了广泛的定义,翻译后的定义为:"Dysphemism 是无情的,残酷的,嘲笑的。它也是对学究气,僵化和矫揉造作的反应,但也是对语言中的高贵和尊严的反感"(1927年,xxii,351)。[Geoffrey L. Hughes,《骂人百科全书》,2006]
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dysphoria(n.)
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dysplasia(n.)
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dysprosium(n.)
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dystopia(n.)
“虚构的糟糕地方”,1952年,来自 dys- “坏的,异常的”和从 utopia 中抽象出来的结尾。早在医学上使用时,指“器官的移位”(1844年),第二个元素来自希腊语 topos “地方”(见 topos)。Dystopian 在1868年被 J.S. Mill 用于非医学意义上:
I may be permitted, as one who, in common with many of my betters, have been subjected to the charge of being Utopian, to congratulate the Government on having joined that goodly company. It is, perhaps, too complimentary to call them Utopians, they ought rather to be called dys-topians, cacotopians. What is commonly called Utopian is something too good to be practicable; but what they appear favour is too bad to be practicable. [speech, March 12, 1868]
我可以作为一个与许多更好的人一样被指责为乌托邦主义者的人,恭喜政府加入了这个美好的团队。也许称他们为乌托邦主义者太过恭维了,他们应该被称为 dys-topians,cacotopians。通常所谓的乌托邦是一些太好以至于不可行的东西; 但他们所支持的东西太糟糕以至于不可行。[演讲,1868年3月12日]
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dystrophy(n.)