war(n.)
晚期古英语< wyrre >,< werre >"大规模军事冲突",源于古诺斯-法语< werre >"战争"(古法语< guerre >"困难,争执; 敌意; 战斗,战争"; 现代法语< guerre >),源于法兰克语< *werra >,源于原始日耳曼语族< *werz-a- >(源也见于古撒克逊语< werran >,古高地德语< werran >,德语< verwirren > "混淆、使困惑"),源于原始印欧语言< *wers- > (1)"混淆、混合"。同源词表明最初的意义是"使混乱"。
西班牙语、葡萄牙语和意大利语< guerra > 也源自日耳曼语族; 罗曼语民族可能借鉴了日耳曼语族的"战争"一词,可能是为了避免拉丁语< bellum >(参见< bellicose >),因为其形式往往会与< bello- > "美丽的"混淆。在历史时期的黎明之前,没有公共的日耳曼语词汇表示"战争"。古英语有很多诗意的词汇来描述"战争"(< wig >,< guð >,< heaðo >,< hild >,在个人名字中常见),但通常用来翻译拉丁语< bellum >的是< gewin > "斗争、冲突"(与< win >(动词)有关)。
< war-time >的首次记录为14世纪末期。< Warpath >(1775)最初是指北美印第安人,< war-whoop >(1761),< war-paint >(1826)和< war-dance >(1757)也是如此。 1906年,< War crime >被发现(出现在奥本海姆的"国际法"中)。 1901年确认< War chest >; 现在通常用于比喻。 < War games >是德语< Kriegspiel >的翻译(参见< kriegspiel >)。
The causes of war are always falsely represented ; its honour is dishonest and its glory meretricious, but the challenge to spiritual endurance, the intense sharpening of all the senses, the vitalising consciousness of common peril for a common end, remain to allure those boys and girls who have just reached the age when love and friendship and adventure call more persistently than at any later time. The glamour may be the mere delirium of fever, which as soon as war is over dies out and shows itself for the will-o'-the-wisp that it is, but while it lasts no emotion known to man seems as yet to have quite the compelling power of this enlarged vitality. [Vera Brittain, "Testament of Youth"]
战争的罪恶总是被欺骗地代表着; 它的荣誉是不诚实的,它的辉煌是华而不实的,但是对于那些刚刚到达爱情,友谊和冒险召唤比任何其他时候都更加坚定的男孩和女孩来说,挑战精神的耐力,所有感官的强烈刺激,为了共同的目标而面临的共同危险的激活意识,仍然能吸引他们。魅力可能只是发烧时的幻觉,一旦战争结束,它就会消失,并表现为它所代表的虚幻的东西,但在持续的时间中,似乎至今尚未有任何已知于人类的情感完全具有这种扩大的生命力的潜力。 [维拉·布里坦,《青春的约言》]
The world will never have lasting peace so long as men reserve for war the finest human qualities. [John Foster Dulles, Speech on the Marshall Plan, 1948]
只要人们将最优秀的人类品质保留给战争,世界永远不会有持久的和平。[约翰·福斯特·达勒斯,关于马歇尔计划的演讲,1948]