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mast的词源解释,mast来源

mast(n.1)

“船上的长杆,下端固定在龙骨上,用于支撑桅杆、帆和整个索具”,古英语 mæst,源自原始日耳曼语 *mastaz(源头还包括古诺尔斯语 mastr,中古荷兰语 maste,荷兰语、丹麦语 mast,德语 Mast),源自原始印欧语 *mazdo- “一根杆子,棒子”(源头还包括拉丁语 malus “杆子”,古爱尔兰语 matan “棍子”,爱尔兰语 maide “一根棍子”,古教会斯拉夫语 mostu “桥”)。

旧船的单根桅杆是军官区和船员区的分界线,因此在戴纳的书名等中称为 before the mast,意为“担任普通水手”。

In all large vessels the masts are composed of several lengths, called lower mast, topmast, and topgallantmast. The royalmast is now made in one piece with the topgallantmast. A mast consisting of a single length is called a pole-mast. In a full-rigged ship with three masts, each of three pieces, the masts are distinguished as the foremast, the mainmast, and the mizzenmast; and the pieces as the foremast (proper), foretopmast, foretopgallantmast, etc. In vessels with two masts, they are called the foremast and mainmast; in vessels with four masts, the aftermast is called the spanker-mast or jigger-mast. [Century Dictionary, 1895]
在所有大型船只中,桅杆由几个长度组成,称为 lower masttopmasttopgallantmast。现在的皇家桅杆与顶樯桅杆是一体的。由一根长度组成的桅杆称为 pole-mast。在一个三桅全帆船中,每个桅杆由三个部分组成,分别称为 foremastmainmastmizzenmast; 每个部分称为 foremast(正常)、foretopmastforetopgallantmast 等。在两桅船中,它们被称为 foremastmainmast; 在四桅船中,后桅被称为 spanker-mastjigger-mast。[世纪词典,1895]

mast(n.2)

“落下的坚果或橡子作为动物的食物。”古英语 mæst,是指山毛榉、橡树、栗子和其他森林树木的果实的集合名称,尤其是作为猪的食物,源自原始日耳曼语 *masto(也是荷兰语、古高地德语、德语 mast 的来源; 古英语动词 mæsten “饲养,喂养”),可能来自 PIE *mad-sta-,源自词根 *mad- “潮湿的,湿润的”,也用于描述食物的各种品质(源自梵语 madati “它冒泡,使人高兴”, medah “脂肪,骨髓”; 拉丁语 madere “被煮烂,喝醉”; 中古波斯语 mast “喝醉”; 古英语 mete “食物”,古高地德语 muos “饭食,糊状食品”,哥特语 mats “食物”)。