augur(n.)
"古罗马的一种官员,其职责是观察和解释有关未来事件的吉兆或自然迹象," 1540年代,源自拉丁语 augur,是古罗马的一位宗教官员,也许最初的意思是“通过仪式增加庄稼的产量”,如果是这样,那么它可能来自古拉丁语 *augos(属格 *augeris)“增加”,并与 augere “增加”有关(源自 PIE 词根 *aug-(1)“增加”)。
更流行的理论是它来自拉丁语 avis “鸟”,因为鸟的飞行、歌唱和进食是重要的占卜对象(比较 auspex)。在这种情况下,第二个元素将来自 garrire “说话”。相关的: Augural; augurial。
These auspices were studied, with a fixed ceremonial, in the following classes of phenomena: (1) signs from the heavens, including thunder and lightning, and other meteorological manifestations; (2) signs from the direction of flight or the various cries of birds; (3) signs from the manner of eating of domestic hens kept for this purpose; (4) signs from the movements and attitudes of animals; (5) evil omens from various fortuitous incidents, such as the fall of any object, the gnawing of a mouse, the creaking of a chair, etc., occurring during the augural ceremonies or when these were about to begin. [Century Dictionary]
这些吉兆是通过固定的仪式研究的,包括:(1)来自天空的迹象,包括雷电和其他气象现象; (2)来自鸟类飞行方向或各种叫声的迹象; (3)来自专门饲养的家禽进食方式的迹象; (4)来自动物的动作和态度的迹象; (5)来自各种偶然事件的不祥征兆,例如物体的掉落、老鼠的啃咬、椅子的吱吱声等,这些事件发生在占卜仪式期间或即将开始时。[世纪词典]
该词起源时间:1540年代