起源于1961年的英语词汇列表
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Catch-22(n.)
这个短语最初来源于约瑟夫·海勒(Joseph Heller)1961年的小说标题,但是在1970年电影上映后,这个短语变得广为人知。 catch(n.)是指如果轰炸机飞行员在没有请求免除职责的情况下执行战斗任务,那么他就是疯狂的,因此他有资格被免除职责。但是,请求免除职责表明他是理智的,因此他必须继续执行任务。
There was only one catch and that was Catch-22, which specified that a concern for one's safety in the face of dangers that were real and immediate was the process of a rational mind. Orr was crazy and could be grounded. All he had to do was ask; and as soon as he did, he would no longer be crazy and would have to fly more missions. Orr would be crazy to fly more missions and sane if he didn't, but if he was sane he had to fly them. If he flew them he was crazy and didn't have to; but if he didn't want to he was sane and had to. Yossarian was moved very deeply by the absolute simplicity of this clause of Catch-22 and let out a respectful whistle.
"That's some catch, that Catch-22," he observed.
"It's the best there is," Doc Daneeka agreed.
只有一个陷阱,那就是 Catch-22,它规定,在面对真正而即时的危险时,对自己安全的关注是理智头脑的表现。奥尔(Orr)是疯狂的,可以被停飞。他所要做的就是请求停飞; 一旦他这样做了,他就不再疯狂,必须执行更多任务。奥尔如果执行更多任务就是疯狂的,如果不想执行任务就是理智的,但如果他是理智的,他就必须执行任务。如果他执行任务,他就是疯狂的,不必执行任务; 但如果他不想执行任务,他就是理智的,必须执行任务。约萨里安(Yossarian)对 Catch-22的这个条款的绝对简单性深感震撼,他发出了一声尊敬的口哨声。
“那是个陷阱,Catch-22,”他说。
“这是最好的,”Doc Daneeka 同意道。
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dial-up(adj.)
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diazepam(n.)
"安定",1961年,由 (benzo)diazep(ine) 和 -am 组成,显然是一个任意后缀。元素 diazo- 表示两个氮原子与一个碳氢基团的结合。
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dishy(adj.)
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DJ(n.)
也是“dee-jay”的缩写,即“disk-jockey”(见 disk),可追溯至1961年。
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Down's Syndrome
遗传性疾病,导致发育和智力发展迟缓,起源于1961年,由英国医生 J.L.H. Down(1828-1896)命名; 这个名称被选为该病症的名称,以取代早期的 mongolism,因为前者更少带有种族主义色彩。
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dolce vita(n.)
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fold-out(n.)
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globalization(n.)
1961年,动作名词,源自 globalize(详见)。
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grok(v.)
"移情作用",1961年,美国科幻作家罗伯特·海因莱因(1907-1988)在他的书《陌生人在异乡》中随意创造的一个词。在书中,它是火星语的音译,据说词源是“喝水”。它在20世纪60年代至70年代的反文化运动中广泛使用,但现在在互联网技术圈中可能已经过时。