起源于1907年的英语词汇列表
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radio(n.)
"用无线电波传输语音信号",1907年,缩写或简化自早期的组合词,如 radio-receiver(1903年), radiophone “通过辐射能产生声音的仪器”(1881年), radio-telegraphy “通过无线电而非电线发送电报消息的手段”(1898年),源自 radio- 作为拉丁语 radius “光线”的组合形式(参见 radius)。1913年已经有“无线电收音机”的用法; “声音广播作为一种媒介”的意义也来自1913年。
That winter, however—the winter of 1921-22—[radio] came with a rush. Soon everybody was talking, not about wireless telephony, but about radio. A San Francisco paper described the discovery that millions were making: "There is radio music in the air, every night, everywhere. Anybody can hear it at home on a receiving set, which any boy can put up in an hour." In February President Harding had an outfit installed in his study, and the Dixmoor Golf Club announced that it would install a "telephone" to enable golfers to hear church services. [Frederick Lewis Allen, "Only Yesterday: An Informal History of the 1920's," 1931]
然而,那个冬天——1921-22年的冬天——[无线电]突然出现了。很快,每个人都在谈论无线电,而不是无线电话。旧金山的一家报纸描述了数百万人正在发现的事情:“每晚,到处都有无线电音乐。任何人都可以在家里听到它,只需一个男孩在一个小时内就可以安装一个接收装置。” 2月,哈定总统在他的书房安装了一套设备,迪克斯莫尔高尔夫俱乐部宣布将安装一个“电话”,让高尔夫球手们可以听到教堂的礼拜服务。[弗雷德里克·刘易斯·艾伦,“昨天:20世纪20年代的非正式历史”,1931年]
It is not a dream, but a probability that the radio will demolish blocs, cut the strings of red tape, actuate the voice "back home," dismantle politics and entrench the nation's executive in a position of power unlike that within the grasp of any executive in the world's history. [The Reading Eagle, Reading, Pa., U.S.A., March 16, 1924]
这不是一个梦想,而是一个可能性,即无线电将拆除障碍,削减繁文缛节,将声音“传回家”,拆除政治,并使国家的行政部门处于世界历史上任何行政部门都无法掌握的权力地位。[美国宾夕法尼亚州雷丁市的《雷丁鹰报》,1924年3月16日]
直到1921年7月,《纽约时报》仍称其为 wireless telephony,而 wireless 一直广泛使用,直到第二次世界大战期间,军方对 radio 的偏好使其成为了这个词。作为形容词,从1912年开始,“通过无线电传输”; 意思是“通过无线电控制”的用法始于1974年。作为特定电台或服务的 Radio _______,“来自_______的电台或服务”始于1920年。一个 radio shack(1946)是一个小的建筑,用于存放无线电设备。
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Rottweiler(n.)
1907年,源自于德国南部威尔特伯格州的城镇 Rottweil。
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sabotage(n.)
1907年(英语中的法语词汇从1903年开始),“工人恶意破坏或毁坏雇主财产”,源自法语 sabotage,源自 saboter “破坏,搞砸”,字面意思是“大声走路”,源自 sabot “木鞋”(参见 sabaton)。
In English, "malicious mischief" would appear to be the nearest explicit definition of "sabotage," which is so much more expressive as to be likely of adoption into all languages spoken by nations suffering from this new force in industry and morals. Sabotage has a flavor which is unmistakable even to persons knowing little slang and no French .... [Century Magazine, November 1910]
在英语中,“恶意破坏”似乎是“破坏”的最近明确定义,这个词太具表现力,以至于可能被所有遭受这种新工业和道德力量折磨的国家所采用。Sabotage 有一种味道,即使是不懂俚语和不懂法语的人也能明白.... [《世纪杂志》1910年11月]
在法语中,最初在英语中,“故意恶意破坏财产”的意义是指劳资纠纷,但是经常重复的故事(与英语中的记录一样古老),即现代意义源于罢工者所谓的将鞋子扔进机器的策略,没有得到词源学的支持。可能它并不是一个字面意象; 这个词在法语中被用于各种“搞砸”的意义,比如“演奏一首音乐曲目不好听”。
这也是一些早期用法的解释:
SABOTAGE [chapter heading] The title we have prefixed seems to mean "scamping work." It is a device which, we are told, has been adopted by certain French workpeople as a substitute for striking. The workman, in other words, purposes to remain on and to do his work badly, so as to annoy his employer's customers and cause loss to his employer. [The Liberty Review, January 1907]
SABOTAGE [章节标题] 我们所添加的标题似乎意味着“草草了事”。我们被告知,这是某些法国工人采用的一种替代罢工的设备。换句话说,工人打算继续工作,但工作质量很差,以便打扰雇主的客户并给雇主造成损失。[《自由评论》1907年1月]
You may believe that sabotage is murder, and so forth, but it is not so at all. Sabotage means giving back to the bosses what they give to us. Sabotage consists in going slow with the process of production when the bosses go slow with the same process in regard to wages. [Arturo M. Giovannitti, quoted in report of the Sagamore Sociological Conference, June 1907]
你可能认为破坏是谋杀等等,但实际上并不是这样。Sabotage 意味着将老板给我们的东西还给老板。当老板在工资方面缓慢时,Sabotage 就是在生产过程中放慢速度。[Arturo M. Giovannitti,引用 Sagamore Sociological Conference 的报告,1907年6月]
军事上的扩展,指的是在第一次世界大战中进行秘密破坏以破坏敌人。
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saltine(n.)
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Scottie(n.)
犬的一个品种,1907年简称 Scotch terrier,其源自1810年。
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serology(n.)
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sun-room(n.)
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sustainability(n.)
“sustainable + -ity”是指在1907年因法律上的反对而使用的。“requirement of our generation to manage the resource base such that the average quality of life that we ensure ourselves can potentially be shared by all future generations. ... Development is sustainable if it involves a non-decreasing average quality of life.”在经济、农业和生态学等领域的一般意义为1972年引入。
Sustainability is defined as a requirement of our generation to manage the resource base such that the average quality of life that we ensure ourselves can potentially be shared by all future generations. ... Development is sustainable if it involves a non-decreasing average quality of life. [Geir B. Asheim, "Sustainability," The World Bank, 1994]
“可持续性”被定义为“ requirement of our generation to manage the resource base such that the average quality of life that we ensure ourselves can potentially be shared by all future generations. ... Development is sustainable if it involves a non-decreasing average quality of life. ” [Geir B. Asheim, "Sustainability," The World Bank, 1994]
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syndicalism(n.)
1907年,源自法语 syndicalisme “将生产和分配手段转移给工业工人的运动”,源自 syndical “工会的”,源自 syndic “首席代表”(参见 syndic)。
"Syndicalism" is in France the new, all-absorbing form of Labor's conflict with Capital. Its growth has been so rapid that its gravity is not appreciated abroad. This year, even more than last, the strikes and other "direct action," which it has combined, have upset the industrial life of the country, and forced the attention of Parliament and Government. [The Nation, June 20, 1907]
“工会主义”在法国是劳资冲突的新形式,其增长如此迅速,以至于其重要性在国外没有得到认识。今年,甚至比去年更多,它所组合的罢工和其他“直接行动”已经扰乱了该国的工业生活,并迫使议会和政府关注此事。[《国家》杂志,1907年6月20日]
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taxi(n.)
1907年,缩写自 taximeter cab(于1907年3月在伦敦推出),源于1898年的 taximeter “自动计程器”,该计程器记录距离和车费,源于法语 taximètre,而法语源于德语 Taxameter(1890),该词由中世纪拉丁语 taxa “税,费”创造而来。
更早的英语形式是 taxameter(1894年),用于马车。1930年被记录的 Taxi dancer 指“可以在舞厅雇用其服务的女人”。美式橄榄球中的 Taxi squad 是在1966年,据说来自前克利夫兰棕党队主人,他让其替补球员在他的出租车公司工作以确保他们有工作并可上场比赛[“美国俚语词典”],但其他解释(如“短期租赁”或“来回穿梭于主队之间”)也是有可能的。