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s字母开头的词汇列表

  • swear(v.)

    古英语 swerian "发誓"(第六类强动词; 过去式 swor,过去分词 sworen),源自原始日耳曼语 *swērjanan(也源自古撒克逊语 swerian,古弗里斯兰语 swera,古诺尔斯语 sverja,丹麦语 sverge,中古荷兰语 swaren,古高地德语 swerien,德语 schwören,哥特语 swaren "发誓"),起源不明,可能源自原始印欧语 *swer- "说话,讲话"(也源自古教会斯拉夫语 svara "争吵",奥斯坎语 sverrunei "对说话者")。

    也与 answer 的第二个成分相关。 "使用粗话"的次要意义(15世纪初)可能是从"祈求神圣名字"的概念发展而来。Swear off "发誓停止"始于1898年。Swear in "通过宣誓将(某人)任命到职位"在现代用法中可追溯到1700年,呼应古英语。

    [Swearing and cursing] are entirely different things : the first is invoking the witness of a Spirit to an assertion you wish to make ; the second is invoking the assistance of a Spirit, in a mischief you wish to inflict. When ill-educated and ill-tempered people clamorously confuse the two invocations, they are not, in reality, either cursing or swearing ; but merely vomiting empty words indecently. True swearing and cursing must always be distinct and solemn .... [Ruskin, "Fors Clavigera"]
    【发誓和诅咒】是完全不同的事情:前者是对你想要表达的断言进行神灵见证的召唤; 后者是对你想要施加的恶意行为进行神灵协助的召唤。当受过教育不良和脾气不好的人混淆这两种召唤时,实际上他们既不诅咒也不发誓; 只是在恶心地呕吐空洞的不雅言辞。真正的发誓和诅咒必须始终是明显而庄重的....【拉斯金,《福斯·克拉维杰拉》】
  • swearing(n.)

    "说脏话的话语",14世纪中叶,来自 swear(动词)的动名词。

  • swear-word(n.)

    1873年,美国英语俚语,源自 swear(动词)和 word(名词)。

  • sweat(v.)

    古英语 swætan “出汗”,也指“努力工作”,源自原始日耳曼语 *swaitjan “出汗”,源于 sweat(n.)的词源。比较弗里西亚语 swette,荷兰语 zweeten,丹麦语 svede,德语 schwitzen。意思是“担心,烦恼”,记录于约1400年。及物动词的意思来自14世纪晚期。相关词汇: SweatedsweatingSweating sickness 是一种突然发作的、常伴有强烈出汗的致命热病,于1485年袭击了英格兰,并在16世纪中期定期返回,最初的引文(来自1502年的编年史)描述它为“一种伟大的死亡和匆忙”。

    sweat(n.)

    古英语 swat “汗水,从皮肤排出的水分”,也指“劳动,引起出汗的事物”,源自原始日耳曼语 *swaitaz “汗水”(源头还包括古撒克逊语、古弗里西亚语 swet 、古挪威语 sveiti 、丹麦语 sved “汗水”,瑞典语 svett,中古荷兰语 sweet,荷兰语 zweet,古高地德语 sweiz,德语 Schweiß),源自原始印欧语 *sweid-(2)“出汗”(源头还包括梵语 svedah “汗水”,阿维斯陀语 xvaeda- “汗水”,希腊语 hidros “汗水,出汗”,拉丁语 sudor,拉脱维亚语 swiedri,威尔士语 chwys “汗水”)。

    一组广泛的斯拉夫语词汇(波兰语、俄语 pot “汗水”)源自古教会斯拉夫语 potu,与拉丁语 coquere 同源,与 peku “热”有关。

    古英语名词变成了中古英语 swote,但后来在动词的影响下改变成了现在的形式。《创世纪》第三章19节中的 Sweat of (one's) brow 作为辛勤劳动的象征。1968年出现了 Sweat equity。俚语 no sweat “没问题”可追溯到1953年,据说最初是朝鲜战争期间美国军方的行话。

    The universal and all-inclusive word today is "sweat." It covers just about everything: "no sweat" means no trouble, no cause for worry, nothing fouled up, don't fret. "It's a sweat" means a patrol looks tough, or an order to dig some more trench is an outrage, or simply that everything is messed up as usual. ["A Frontline Picture No Camera Could Get," Life magazine, March 16, 1953]
    今天,普遍而全面的词汇是“sweat”。它几乎涵盖了所有的事情:“no sweat”意味着没有麻烦,没有担忧,没有问题,不要担心。“It's a sweat”意味着巡逻看起来很艰难,或者挖掘更多的壕沟是一种侮辱,或者仅仅是一切像往常一样混乱不堪。《生活》杂志,1953年3月16日,《无法拍摄的前线画面》
  • sweating(n.)

    c. 1200, "emission of perspiration from the pores," verbal noun from sweat (v.). By early 15c. as "severe extortion."

    Sweating sickness was a sudden, often-fatal fever, accompanied by intense sweating, that struck England 1485 and returned periodically through mid-16c., described in the original citation (a chronicle from 1502) as "a grete deth and hasty."

  • sweat-band(n.)

    also sweatband, by 1862 in patents, "leather lining of a hat, etc., for protection against sweat of the head and brow," from sweat (n.) + band (n.1). Later of elastic bands of absorbent cloth worn by athletes, etc. to keep sweat of the brow from their eyes.

  • sweat-bee(n.)

    1870年,美国英语,源自 sweat(汗水)和 bee(蜜蜂)。

  • sweater(n.)

    "毛线背心或运动衫,最初在划船时穿着",1882年,源自早期的 sweaters "穿着可产生出汗和减轻体重的衣服"(1828年),复数代词从 sweat(v.)派生而来。作为时尚服装,始见于1925年。早期它的意思是“努力工作的人”(1520年代)。Sweater girl 出现于1940年; 兰娜·特纳(1920-1995)是第一个,她在电影《他们不会忘记》(1937年)中首次亮相。

  • sweaty(adj.)

    14世纪晚期,“引起出汗的”; 1580年代,“浸透了汗水的”,源自 sweat(n.汗水)+ -y(2)。相关词汇: Sweatiness(汗湿)。

  • sweat-lodge(n.)

    "type of low hut of natural material built for specific spiritual ceremonies by various Native American peoples," 1887, from sweat (n.) + lodge (n.). Earlier was sweat-house (1750); a sweating-house (1660s) was a word for a sauna.