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swear的词源解释,swear来源

swear(v.)

古英语 swerian "发誓"(第六类强动词; 过去式 swor,过去分词 sworen),源自原始日耳曼语 *swērjanan(也源自古撒克逊语 swerian,古弗里斯兰语 swera,古诺尔斯语 sverja,丹麦语 sverge,中古荷兰语 swaren,古高地德语 swerien,德语 schwören,哥特语 swaren "发誓"),起源不明,可能源自原始印欧语 *swer- "说话,讲话"(也源自古教会斯拉夫语 svara "争吵",奥斯坎语 sverrunei "对说话者")。

也与 answer 的第二个成分相关。 "使用粗话"的次要意义(15世纪初)可能是从"祈求神圣名字"的概念发展而来。Swear off "发誓停止"始于1898年。Swear in "通过宣誓将(某人)任命到职位"在现代用法中可追溯到1700年,呼应古英语。

[Swearing and cursing] are entirely different things : the first is invoking the witness of a Spirit to an assertion you wish to make ; the second is invoking the assistance of a Spirit, in a mischief you wish to inflict. When ill-educated and ill-tempered people clamorously confuse the two invocations, they are not, in reality, either cursing or swearing ; but merely vomiting empty words indecently. True swearing and cursing must always be distinct and solemn .... [Ruskin, "Fors Clavigera"]
【发誓和诅咒】是完全不同的事情:前者是对你想要表达的断言进行神灵见证的召唤; 后者是对你想要施加的恶意行为进行神灵协助的召唤。当受过教育不良和脾气不好的人混淆这两种召唤时,实际上他们既不诅咒也不发誓; 只是在恶心地呕吐空洞的不雅言辞。真正的发誓和诅咒必须始终是明显而庄重的....【拉斯金,《福斯·克拉维杰拉》】