m字母开头的词汇列表
-
Malthusian(n.)
1812年(n.) “英国经济学家托马斯 R. Malthus (1766-1835)的追随者”,尤其是关于他在他的匿名出版的《人口原理》(1798)中提出的教义。
In this work he first made prominent the fact that population, unless hindered by positive checks, as wars, famines, etc., or by preventive checks, as social customs that prevent early marriage, tends to increase at a higher rate than the means of subsistence can, under the most favorable circumstances, be made to increase. As a remedy he advocated the principle that society should aim to diminish the sum of vice and misery, and check the growth of population, by the discouragement of early and improvident marriages, and by the practice of moral self-restraint. [Century Dictionary]
在这部作品中,他首次突出了一个事实,即人口,除非受到积极的限制,如战争、饥荒等,或预防措施,如阻止早婚的社会习俗,否则在最有利的情况下往往会以比生计手段更高的速度增长。作为一种解决方法,他倡导社会应该旨在通过阻止早婚、贯彻道德自我克制等方式来减少罪恶和痛苦的总和,以及抑制人口增长。[世纪词典]
作为一个形容词,指“与马尔萨斯有关”,由1818年开始使用。相关: Malthusianism “人口与生计手段的关系理论”(1825)。这个姓氏最早可以追溯到13世纪晚期,可能意味着“麦芽酒厂的工人”。
-
malty(adj.)
-
maltreat(v.)
-
maltreatment(n.)
-
maltster(n.)
-
malvaceous(adj.)
"与锦葵有关的",1690年代,源自晚期拉丁语 malvaceus,来自拉丁语 malva(参见 mallow)。
-
malversation(n.)
-
malware(n.)
-
mama
1707年, mamma 的拼写变体。1925年在非裔美国人的俚语中出现了“性感女人”的意思。1949年, Mamasan 出现了,“处于权力地位的女人”,特别是“管理艺妓屋的女人”,其中 san 是一种尊称,来自日语。1848年, Mama mia! 作为惊讶等的感叹词出现,来自意大利语,字面意思是“我的母亲!”
-
mamba(n.)
非洲撒哈拉以南地区一种大型有毒蛇的名称,可追溯至1859年,源自祖鲁语 (i)mamba 或斯瓦希里语 mamba。
"Now about snakes. I have never forgotten your quiet, dignified unbelief in my snake histories, and have taken every opportunity of finding out all I can about them; more particularly of the 'mamba' or chasing snake. It is a most vicious creature, and will chase you a mile. You must ride hard if one makes for you. It reaches sixteen or eighteen feet, and has the power of erecting itself on its tail when in pursuit of its object; then throwing itself down and rushing on twenty yards or so, and then rearing up again: and so on, till it comes to some bush or tree, round which it throws its strong tail, and then strikes right and left at its enemies." [Journal of the Society of Arts, March 11, 1859]
"现在谈谈蛇。我从未忘记过你对我的蛇故事的安静、庄重的不信任,一直利用一切机会了解蛇的一切; 尤其是‘mamba’或追逐蛇。这是一种非常凶恶的生物,会追你一英里。如果有一条蛇向你袭来,你必须骑得快。它可以长达十六或十八英尺,有能力在追逐目标时竖起自己的尾巴; 然后扔下自己,冲上二十码左右,然后再次竖起:如此往复,直到它来到某些灌木丛或树木周围,在那里用它强壮的尾巴绕着,然后向左右两侧打击它的敌人。" [《艺术协会杂志》,1859年3月11日]