shend(n.)
"羞耻,耻辱"(已过时或方言),中古英语,源自古英语 scand "ignominy, shame, confusion, disgrace; scandal, disgraceful thing; wretch, impostor, infamous man; bad woman",源自古英语 scamu "shame"(见 shame(n.))+ -þa,在牙齿前将 -m- 改为 -n-(比较古弗里西亚语 skande,荷兰语 schande,古高地德语 scanda,德语 Schande "disgrace")。在早期现代英语中也用作动词, shend(来自古英语 scendan)"使丢脸; 责备,谴责; 使毁灭"。
它在形成复合词方面很活跃,例如 shendful "ignominious, humiliating"(古英语 scandful)"可耻的", shendship "disgrace; destruction, ruin, torments of Hell; ", shendness "destruction, harm ruin; " 古英语 scandhus "house of ill-fame,", scandlic "shameful,", scandlufiende "loving shamefully,", scandword "obscene language."