rum(n.)
"朗姆酒,由甘蔗汁或糖蜜蒸馏而成",1650年代,显然是 rumbullion(1651年), rombostion(1652年)的缩写,这些词的起源不确定,但疑点落在 rum(形容词)上,意为"优秀的,好的,有价值的"; 短语 rum bouse "好酒"可追溯到16世纪60年代和17世纪。这个英语单词被借入荷兰语、德语、瑞典语、丹麦语、西班牙语、葡萄牙语、意大利语、法语和俄语。
In the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, is a manuscript entitled "A briefe description of the Island of Barbados." It is undated but from internal evidence it must have been written about the year 1651. In describing the various drinks in vogue in Barbados, the writer says : "The chief fudling they make in the Island is Rumbullion alias Kill-Divill, and this is made of sugar canes distilled, a hot, hellish, and terrible liquor. ["The Etymology of the Word Rum," in Timehri, 1885]
都柏林三一学院图书馆有一份手稿,名为"巴巴多斯岛简介"。虽然没有日期,但从内部证据来看,它必须是在1651年左右写的。在描述巴巴多斯流行的各种饮料时,作者说:"岛上主要的饮料是 Rumbullion,又名 Kill-Divill,这是由甘蔗蒸馏而成的,是一种烈性、可怕的酒。["The Etymology of the Word Rum," in Timehri, 1885]
Rum 自1800年左右在北美被用作对酒精饮料的一般(敌对)名称,因此有 rum-runner 和许多其他禁酒时期的俚语。
Rum I take to be the name which unwashed moralists apply alike to the product distilled from molasses and the noblest juices of the vineyard. Burgundy in "all its sunset glow" is rum. Champagne, soul of "the foaming grape of Eastern France," is rum. ... Sir, I repudiate the loathsome vulgarism as an insult to the first miracle wrought by the Founder of our religion! [Oliver Wendell Holmes, "The Autocrat of the Breakfast-Table," 1871]
我认为,朗姆酒是未洗涤的道德家们用来称呼从糖蜜中蒸馏出来的产品和葡萄园中最高贵的果汁的名称。勃艮第酒在"它所有的日落光辉"中是朗姆酒。香槟,"法国东部葡萄的泡沫之魂",是朗姆酒。......先生,我拒绝这个令人厌恶的粗俗用语,因为它是对我们宗教创始人所行的第一个奇迹的侮辱![奥利弗·温德尔·霍姆斯,《早餐桌上的独裁者》,1871年]
该词起源时间:1650年代
rum(adj.)
"优秀的,好的,有价值的",1560年代的行话,也被称为 rome, "好的",据说来自罗姆人的 rom "男人,丈夫"(见 Romany)。这是16世纪非常常见的行话词汇(与 queer 相对),例如 rum kicks "用金银锦缎或镶有金银的花边装饰的裤子" [Grose,《俚语词典》,1785年]。
到1774年,它也开始意味着相反的意思:"奇怪的,奇特的,不好的,假的",也许是因为它经常被骗子用来互相称赞。或者这是一个不同的词。这是19世纪后期的主要意义。
Rom (or rum) and quier (or queer) enter largely into combination, thus--rom = gallant, fine, clever, excellent, strong; rom-bouse = wine or strong drink; rum-bite = a clever trick or fraud; rum-blowen = a handsome mistress; rum-bung = a full purse; rum-diver = a clever pickpocket; rum-padder = a well-mounted highwayman, etc.: also queere = base, roguish; queer-bung = an empty purse; queer-cole = bad money; queer-diver = a bungling pickpocket; queer-ken = a prison; queer-mort = a foundered whore, and so forth. [John S. Farmer, "Musa Pedestris," 1896]
Rom(或 rum)和 quier(或 queer)在组合中大量出现,例如 rom = 英俊的,好的,聪明的,优秀的,强壮的; rom-bouse = 酒或烈酒; rum-bite = 聪明的把戏或欺诈行为; rum-blowen = 漂亮的情妇; rum-bung = 丰满的钱袋; rum-diver = 聪明的扒手; rum-padder = 骑着好马的公路强盗等等:还有 queere = 卑鄙的,狡猾的; queer-bung = 空钱袋; queer-cole = 假钱; queer-diver = 笨拙的扒手; queer-ken = 监狱; queer-mort = 堕落的妓女等等。[约翰·S·法默,《Musa Pedestris》,1896年]
该词起源时间:1560年代