phalanx(n.)
1550年代,“紧密排列的战斗阵线”,源自拉丁语 phalanx “紧密武装的战士组成的紧密队列”,或直接源自希腊语 phalanx(属格 phalangos)“战斗阵线”,也指“手指或脚趾骨”,最初指“圆木块,树干”,其起源不详。也许源自 PIE 词根 *bhelg- “木板,梁”(源自古英语 balca “横梁”; 参见 balk (n.))。
在解剖学中,最初指整个手指关节排列,就像紧密排列的步兵一样。比喻意义上的“一群人为了共同的事业而联合起来”的意思可以追溯到1600年(参见西班牙语 Falangist,这是一个成立于1933年的法西斯组织的成员)。
The celebrated Macedonian phalanx was normally drawn up sixteen ranks deep, the men being clad in armor, bearing shields, and armed with swords and with spears from 21 to 24 feet long. In array the shields formed a continuous bulwark, and the ranks were placed at such intervals that five spears which were borne pointed forward and upward protected every man in the front rank. The phalanx on smooth ground, and with its flanks and rear adequately protected, was practically invincible; but it was cumbrous and slow in movement, and if once broken could only with great difficulty be reformed. [Century Dictionary]
著名的马其顿方阵通常排列16排,士兵穿着盔甲,手持盾牌,配备长达21至24英尺的长矛和剑。在阵列中,盾牌形成了一个连续的壁垒,而排列则被放置在这样的间隔中,以便每个前排的人都有五支向前和向上指的长矛来保护。在平坦的地面上,如果其侧翼和后方得到充分的保护,方阵几乎是不可战胜的; 但它的移动很笨重缓慢,一旦被打破,只能很难地重新组成。[世纪词典]
该词起源时间:1550年代