officer(n.)
14世纪初,“担任官职的人,被委以管理某项事务的责任或份额”(最初是高级职位),源自古法语 oficier “官员,公务员”(14世纪初,现代法语 officier),源自中世纪拉丁语 officiarius “官员”,源自拉丁语 officium “服务,职责”(参见 office)。
中古英语中也指“大家庭的仆人,侍从; 宫廷的官员”(14世纪晚期)。从14世纪晚期开始指“军队的侍从”,但现代军事意义上的“军队或海军中担任职务的人”来自16世纪60年代。从16世纪开始用于指司法机关的小官员; 1880年代开始在美国用于指警察。
短语 officer and a gentleman 指具备两者特质的人的意思可以追溯到1762年,并且在英国军事法庭的起诉书中是标准用语(“行为卑鄙且可耻,不适合一个军官和绅士的身份”)。
The words 'officer and gentleman,' though in general to be understood as one single and indivisible term, appear not to be so used here. The misbehaviour, entailing on it the penalty declared by this article, must be such, as I understand it, as to implicate, in the first place, the officer; that is, it must arise in some sort out of his office; and affect incidentally only, the character of the gentleman. It must be such a misconduct, as must necessarily dissever what should ever be indivisible, the consideration of the officer from the gentleman. It must be of that decisively low, humiliating, and debasing kind, as to lay prostrate the honour of the gentleman, in the degradation of the officer. [Capt. Hough and George Long, "The Practice of Courts-Martial," London, 1825]
“officer 和 gentleman”这两个词,虽然通常被理解为一个单一且不可分割的术语,在这里似乎并非如此使用。根据我理解,导致此条款规定的不当行为首先必须涉及 officer,也就是说,它必须在某种程度上与他的职位有关,并且只影响 incidentally,即 gentleman 的品格。它必须是一种必然地将本应不可分割的 officer 和 gentleman 分离的不当行为。它必须是那种明显的、low 、humiliating 和 debasing 的类型,以在 degradation 的 officer 中放置 prostrate 的 honour。 [霍夫上尉和乔治·朗,《军事法庭实践》,伦敦,1825年]
该词起源时间:14世纪初