metaphor(n.)
"比喻是一种修辞手法,通过将一个物体的特征赋予另一个与之相似或类似的物体; 通过转移描述性词语或短语进行比较,15世纪末出现, methaphoris(复数形式),源自法语 metaphore(古法语 metafore,13世纪)并直接源自拉丁语 metaphora,源自希腊语 metaphora “转移”,尤指将一个词的意义转移到另一个词上,字面意思是“携带过去”,源自 metapherein “转移,携带; 改变,修改; 以奇怪的意义使用一个词”,源自 meta “在...之上,在...之间”(参见 meta-)+ pherein “携带,承载”(源自 PIE 词根 *bher-(1)“携带”,也指“生育子女”)。
But a metaphor is no argument, though it be sometimes the gunpowder to drive one home and imbed it in the memory. [James Russell Lowell, "Democracy," 1884]
但是比喻并不是一个论证,尽管有时它是将论证击中要害并使之深入人心的火药。[詹姆斯·罗素·洛威尔,《民主》,1884年]
It is a great thing, indeed, to make a proper use of the poetical forms, as also of compounds and strange words. But the greatest thing by far is to be a master of metaphor. It is the one thing that cannot be learnt from others; and it is also a sign of genius, since a good metaphor implies an intuitive perception of the similarity in dissimilars. [Aristotle, "Poetics," 1459a 3-8]
确实,善于运用诗歌形式,以及复合词和奇怪的词语,是一件了不起的事情。但是,最了不起的事情是掌握比喻。这是一件无法从他人那里学到的事情; 它也是天才的标志,因为一个好的比喻意味着对不同事物之间的相似性有直观的感知。[亚里士多德,《诗学》,1459a 3-8]
该词起源时间:15世纪末