gaslight(n.)
也写作 gas-light,指由煤气燃烧产生的光,或提供照明的装置;一个煤气喷嘴,1808年首见于字面(照明用的)gas (名词1) + light (名词)。 在19世纪至20世纪初用于街道和家庭照明。相关词汇:Gas-lighted; gas-lighting; gaslighting。
作为一个动词,意指“故意让一个人相信自己精神异常”,可追溯到1961年,可能是1956年。这一用法来自1944年的电影Gaslight,讲述了一个19世纪女性(由英格丽·褒曼饰演,她因此获得了奥斯卡奖)似乎正在发疯。后来揭露出,她的犯罪丈夫一直在让她相信自己疯了,以便贬低她对他活动的观察。她可观察到的线索之一是,当丈夫暗中进入阁楼时(她后来得知),他们家的煤气灯光会变暗:他让她相信她是在想象这一切,直到家庭朋友也看到了灯光变暗,这一线索证实了犯罪行为。
Brian: Tell me. Is there anyone else in the house now, except us and Elizabeth?
Paula: No. Why?
Brian: The gas just went down.
Paula: You saw that too!
Brian: Why, yes.
Paula: Oh, then it really happens! I thought I imagined it!
Brian: But all it means is someone else has turned it on.
Paula: Oh, no, no. I thought that too. But every night, I’ve been all over the house, there’s never been another light turned on. At last I can tell this to someone! Every night when my husband goes out…
Brian: …The light goes down?
Paula: Yes.
Brian: And then what?
Paula: Well, then, I think I hear things. I watch and wait. Later on, the gas goes up again.
Brian: And he comes back?
Paula: Yes. Quite soon after. Always quite soon after.
[ Gaslight, 1944]
Brian: 告诉我。现在家里除了我们和伊丽莎白,还有别人吗?
Paula: 没有。怎么了?
Brian: 煤气灯刚才变暗了。
Paula: 你也看到了!
Brian: 当然。
Paula: 那么这是真的发生了!我以为我是想象的!
Brian: 但这只是说明有别人打开了煤气灯。
Paula: 不,不,不是的。我原本也这么想。但每晚,我走遍了整个房子,从未发现有别的灯被打开。现在我终于可以告诉别人了!每晚我丈夫出去时…
Brian: …灯光就会变暗?
Paula: 是的。
Brian: 然后呢?
Paula: 然后,我就开始听到一些声音。我观察和等待。过了一会儿,煤气灯又亮起来了。
Brian: 他回来了?
Paula: 是的。总是很快就回来。每次都很快。
[Gaslight,1944年]
到了20世纪70年代末,这个词在女权主义文献中得到了推广。
… I had been told that my tonsillectomy was “not that bad” or that the dentist whose hands were between my legs was “fixing my teeth,” … My own favorite embodiment of this horror, still enjoyed by late-show insomniacs, is the 1944 film Gaslight, a tale which so impressed the public imagination that even today the word “gaslight” is used to describe an attempt to destroy another’s perceptions of reality and, ultimately, sanity itself. [Florence Rush, "The Best Kept Secret: Sexual Abuse of Children," 1980]
… 我被告知我做的扁桃体切除手术“没那么糟糕”,或者那位手放在我腿间的牙医是在“修补我的牙齿”, … 我最喜欢的这种恐惧体现,仍然为深夜失眠的电影迷们所喜爱,就是1944年的电影Gaslight,这个故事给公众印象如此深刻,以至于即使在今天,“gaslight”一词也用来描述试图破坏他人对现实的感知以及,归根结底,精神健康本身的行为。[弗洛伦斯·拉什,《最佳保守的秘密:儿童性虐待》,1980年]
到了2016年,这个词的意义进一步发展,也包括了“否定或贬低某人的观点”。
该词起源时间:1808年