empathy(n.)
1908年,仿照德语 Einfühlung(由 ein “在”和 Fühlung “感觉”组成)而创造,该词由德国哲学家鲁道夫·洛策(Rudolf Lotze)(1817-1881)于1858年创造,作为希腊语 empatheia “激情,情感状态”的翻译,其词源源自 en(参见 en-(2))的同化形式,加上 pathos “感觉”(源自 PIE 词根 *kwent(h)- “遭受”)。这是一种艺术欣赏理论术语,认为欣赏取决于观众将自己的个性投射到所观看的对象中的能力。
Not only do I see gravity and modesty and pride and courtesy and stateliness, but I feel or act them in the mind's muscles. This is, I suppose, a simple case of empathy, if we may coin that term as a rendering of Einfühlung; there is nothing curious or idiosyncratic about it; but it is a fact that must be mentioned. [Edward Bradford Titchener, "Lectures on the Experimental Psychology of the Thought Processes," 1909]
“我不仅看到了严肃、谦虚、骄傲、礼貌和庄严,而且在精神的肌肉中感受或表现它们。我认为,如果我们可以创造 Einfühlung 这个词,那么这是简单的同感案例。这并不奇怪或个性化,但这是必须提到的一个事实。”(爱德华·布拉德福德·提契纳,《关于思维过程的实验心理学讲座》,1909年)
... there is no doubt that the facts are new and that they justify their name: the art work is a thing of "empathy" (Titchener, Ward), of "fellow feeling" (Mitchell), of "inner sympathy" (Groos), of "sympathetic projection" (Urban), of "semblance of personality" (Baldwin), all terms suggested by different writers as renderings of the German Einfühlung. ["The American Yearbook," 1911]
“...... 毫无疑问,这些事实是新的,它们证明了它们的名字:艺术作品是一种 Einfühlung(Titchener,Ward),一种“同感”(Mitchell),一种“内在同情”(Groos),一种“共情投射”(Urban),一种“人格的相似”(Baldwin),所有这些术语都是不同作家提出的,作为德语 Einfühlung 的翻译。[“美国年鉴”,1911]
该词起源时间:1908年