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constructive的词源解释,constructive来源

constructive(adj.)

1670年代,“由解释而来的,非直接陈述而是推断出的”,源自法语 constructif 或直接来自中世纪拉丁语 constructivus,源自拉丁语 construct-,过去分词词干来自于 construere “堆积”,来自于 com 的同化形式“一起,共同”(见 con-)+ struere “堆积”(来自 PIE 词根 *stere- “扩散”)。

“涉及建造的”意思来自于1817年; “具有建设性”的意思来自于1841年,特别是“有益贡献的”。相关的: Constructively; constructivenessConstructive criticism 最早见于1841年,最初用于神学和哲学。

Constructive criticism has frequently secured, in various departments of scientific inquiry, positive results, the value of which cannot be over-estimated; but there are not wanting instances in which a destructively critical method has performed services equally as valuable. Groundless hypotheses, unwarrantable theories, and baseless prejudices, required to be swept away, so that a constructive criticism might operate freely and successfully. [The Christian Ambassador, vol. ix, 1871]
建设性的批评在科学探究的各个领域经常产生了积极的结果,其价值不可高估; 但也有一些例子,毁灭性的批判方法做出了同样有价值的工作。毫无根据的假设,不合理的理论和无依据的偏见需要被清除,以便建设性的批评可以自由而成功地发挥作用。[《基督教大使者》第九卷,1871]

后来,此词扩展到教育领域,并且变得更为个人化:

Constructive criticism points out a specific deficiency, and suggests a specific remedy. It is destructive in tearing down the wrong, but constructive in replacing value. Such criticism will afford the teacher the satisfaction of having a definite basis on which to work. [George M. Baker, "Constructive Supervision," in The American School Board Journal, February 1918] 
建设性的批评指出具体的缺陷,并提出具体的纠正方法。它在消除错误的同时是破坏性的,但在替换有价值的东西方面是建设性的。这样的批评将为教师提供具体的工作基础。 [乔治·M·贝克,《建设性监督》,《美国学校董事会杂志》,1918年2月] 

该词起源时间:1670年代