connotation(n.)
15世纪初,“伴随症状”; 1530年代,“第二意义,包括单词主要含义之外的含义”,来自中世纪拉丁语 connotationem(nominative connotatio),该词为 connotare 的过去分词词干形式,表示“除了主要含义之外还有其他含义”,这是逻辑学中的术语,字面意思是“随着标记”,来自于拉丁语 com “with, together”(参见 con-),以及 notare “标记,注释,做笔记”,来自 nota “标记,符号,识别手段”(参见 note(n.))。
“构成单词含义的东西”(1829年)这一意思起源于詹姆斯·米尔(James Mill),他是约翰·斯图亚特·密尔(John Stuart Mill)的父亲,也开创了该用法。
The use, which I shall make, of the term connotation, needs to be explained. There is a large class of words, which denote two things, both together ; but the one perfectly distinguishable from the other. Of these two things, also, it is observable, that such words express the one, primarily, as it were ; the other, in a way which may be called secondary. Thus, white, in the phrase white horse, denotes two things, the colour, and the horse ; but it denotes the colour primarily, the horse secondarily. We shall find it very convenient, to say, therefore, that it notes the primary, connotes the secondary signification. [James Mill, footnote in "Analysis of the Phenomena of the Human Mind," 1829]
需要解释我将使用的术语 connotation 的用法。有一个大类词汇,它同时表示两个完全可区分的东西。同样,这两件事也很明显,这些词汇表示的东西 primarily,“似乎”这一类东西,而另一方面则可以称其为 secondary 这样的方式来描述。因此,在短语 white horse 中, white 表示两个东西,颜色和马; 但它表示了颜色 primarily,表示马 secondarily。我们将发现这非常方便,因此我们将说它 notes 是指主要的, connotes 是指次要的意义。[詹姆斯·米尔(James Mill),《人类思维现象分析》("Analysis of the Phenomena of the Human Mind," 1829)]
该词起源时间:15世纪初