arduous(adj.)
1530年代,"难以完成的,难以做到的,需要大量努力的",源自拉丁语 arduus "高的,陡峭的",也引申为"困难的,难以达到的"(源自 PIE 根词 *eredh- "高的"; 参见 ortho-)。"高的,陡峭的,难以攀爬的"的字面意义在1709年的英语中有记录。相关词汇: Arduously; arduousness。
What is arduous requires more energy and endurance, and is less within the reach of common powers, than what is hard. Its primitive meaning of steep climbing is still felt in it, and makes it suggestive of severe and protracted effort. [Century Dictionary]
arduous 需要更多的能量和耐力,不像 hard 那样容易达到。它原始的攀爬意义仍然存在,并使其暗示了严峻而持久的努力。[世纪词典]
该词起源时间:1530年代