起源于1854年的英语词汇列表
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bassinet(n.)
“wicker cradle,” 1854年,源自法语 bassinet “小盆”,是 bassin 的小型化(见 basin),或者根据 Klein 的说法,英语单词源自法语 bercelonette,是 berceau “摇篮”的双重小型化,经过 bassin “盆”改变。中古英语有 bacinet “半球形头盔”(约1300年)。
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beltless(adj.)
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bilingualism(n.)
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binge(n.)
1854年,“狂饮”,也指(v.)“大量饮酒,吸收酒精”; 方言用法 binge “浸泡”(木制容器)。据说最初是方言词。在埃文斯的《莱斯特郡词语、短语和谚语》(伦敦,1848年)中, Binge 是一个方言动词,意为“将木制容器浸泡在水中,否则会漏水”,使木材膨胀。他补充说,它在当地被扩展到过度饮酒(“浸泡”)。
这个意义在第一次世界大战前后扩展到包括吃和喝。 Binge-watching 来自1996年。相关: Binged; bingeing。
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buffer(n.2)
"用摩擦磨光的人或物品",1854年,由 buff(v.)派生的代词。
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bulimic(adj.)
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calibration(n.)
"校准的行为或过程",1854年,动作名词,来自 calibrate。
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camino(n.)
1854, "street; road." Chiefly found in accounts of travel in Spanish-speaking countries or used in areas of the United States formerly under Spanish domain, such as California and its El Camino Real. From Spanish camino, from Late Latin caminus, said to be from a Celtic word camminus.
Look, Nursie! I'm operating a legitimate joint! This joker'll get the same treatment he'd get if he breezed down the Camino in a blizzard of G-notes! [Tennessee Williams, Camino Real. 1953.]
As a type of car, El Camino is first attested as a Cadillac prototype in 1954. The better known Chevrolet El Camino made its appearance in 1959.
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canned(adj.)
1854年,“装在罐子里的”,过去分词形容词,来自 can(v.2)。关于音乐,“预先录制的”,来自1903年(有一个孤立的、假设性的用法来自1894年)。
John Phillip Sousa, the celebrated bandmaster, strongly condemns "canned music," by which he means automatic musical instruments, such as pianos, organs, graphophones, etc. The professor foresees in the distant future none but mechanical singers, mechanical piano-players, mechanical orchestras, etc., factories running night and day turning out automatic music; bandmasters, choir leaders, organists, etc., being compelled to labor otherwise for their living. [The Cambrian, September 1906]
著名的乐队指挥约翰·菲利普·苏萨强烈谴责“罐装音乐”,他指的是自动音乐器,如钢琴、风琴、留声机等。教授预见在遥远的未来,只有机械歌手、机械钢琴演奏者、机械管弦乐队等,工厂日夜运转,生产自动音乐; 乐队指挥、唱诗班领袖、风琴师等被迫从事其他谋生活动。[《威尔士人》杂志,1906年9月]
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capitalism(n.)
1854年,“拥有资本的状态”; 来自 capital(n.1)+ -ism。 “鼓励资本家的政治/经济体系”一词记录于1872年,最初被社会主义者贬低使用。 “少数人手中的资本集中; 大资本的权力或影响”一词来自1877年。
"Capital" may be most briefly described as wealth producing more wealth; and "capitalism" as the system directing that process. This latter term came into general use during the second half of the 19th century as a word chiefly signifying the world-wide modern system of organizing production and trade by private enterprise free to seek profit and fortune by employing for wages the mass of human labour. There is no satisfactory definition of the term, though nothing is more evident than the thing. [J.L. Garvin, "Capitalism" in Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1929]
“资本”可以最简要地描述为生产更多财富; “资本主义”是指指导这一过程的系统。这个后者的术语在19世纪下半叶开始普遍使用,主要是指通过私人企业自由寻求利润和财富,通过雇用大量人力劳动力来组织生产和贸易的全球现代系统。虽然没有什么比这个更明显的事情,但这个术语没有令人满意的定义。[J.L. Garvin,“资本主义”于 Encyclopaedia Britannica,1929年]