起源于1815年的英语词汇列表
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iodic(adj.)
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Indo-China
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jirgah(n.)
同时, jirga(阿富汗长老会)的英文名称源于波斯语 jarga,意为“一圈人”(“ring of men”)。
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landwehr(n.)
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mayonnaise(n.)
"美乃滋"是一种用蛋黄和沙拉油混合搅打,加入醋或柠檬汁调味,使其成为浓稠奶油状的酱汁,最早出现于1815年。这个词源于法语 sauce mayonnaise(1806),据法国资料称其源于 mahonnaise,并因为法国在七年战争中击败英国防御舰队而占领了米诺卡岛的海港首府 Mahon 而得名。据说这种酱汁是为了纪念这场胜利而引入的,这场胜利由阿尔芒德·德·维涅罗·杜普莱西(1696-1788)率领,他是 duc de Richelieu。但是,除非记录中有缺失,否则这一切都是可疑的,因为这个词出现的时间太晚了。它是 Miracle Whip 的一种劣质品。
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melanosis(n.)
"1815年,指器官或身体部位色素沉积异常的医学拉丁语,源自希腊语 melanosis,意为“变黑”,源自 melanoun “变黑”,源自 melas(属格 melanos),参见 melano-。相关词汇: Melanotic。
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metronome(n.)
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middle name(n.)
"中间位于名字和姓氏之间的个人名称部分",1815年,来自 middle(形容词)+ name(名词)。作为“一个人的杰出特征”,口语,来自1911年的美国英语。
According to Mr. H.A. Hamilton, in his "Quarter Sessions from Queen Elizabeth," the practice of giving children two Christian names was unknown in England before the period of the Stuarts, was rarely adopted down to the time of the Revolution, and never became common until after the Hanoverian family was seated on the throne. "In looking through so many volumes of county records," he says, "I have, of course, seen many thousands and tens of thousands of proper names, belonging to men of all ranks and degrees,—to noblemen, justices, jurymen, witnesses, sureties, innkeepers, hawkers, paupers, vagrants, criminals, and others,—and in no single instance, down to the end of the reign of Anne, have I noticed any person bearing more than one Christian name ...." [Walsh]
根据 H·A·汉密尔顿先生在他的《伊丽莎白女王的季度会议》一书中的说法,在斯图亚特王朝时期之前,英格兰没有给孩子起两个基督教名字的习惯,在革命时期之前很少采用,直到汉诺威家族登上王位之后才变得普遍。他说:“在查阅如此多的县记录卷时,我当然看到了成千上万的适当名称,属于各种等级和程度的男人,贵族,法官,陪审员,证人,担保人,旅店老板,小贩,乞丐,流浪汉,罪犯和其他人,但在安妮女王时代结束之前的任何一个时期,我都没有注意到任何人有超过一个基督教名字....”[沃尔什]
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mirepoix(n.)
在烹饪中,指切成丁的蔬菜混合物,1815年,源自法语,显然以法国外交官查尔斯·皮埃尔·加斯东·弗朗索瓦, Mirepoix 公爵(1699-1757)的名字命名。据说这种混合料是由他的总厨创造的,以他的名字命名,是路易十五统治期间法国烹饪的鼎盛时期之一,当时贵族风格为把菜肴以自己的名字命名。
MIREPOIX.—It is probable that one of these days the common sense of mankind will rise in rebellion against this word and abolish it. What is the Duke of Mirepoix to us because his wife was amiable to Louis XV.?
If she be not fair to me,
What care I how fair she be?
The Duke of Mirepoix made himself convenient to the king, and his name is now convenient to the people—the convenient name for the faggot of vegetables that flavours a stew or a sauce. ["Kettner's Book of the Table," London, 1877]
“米尔波瓦”——人类的常识可能有一天会反叛这个词并废除它。米尔波瓦公爵对我们有什么影响呢?因为他的妻子对路易十五很友好?
如果她对我不友好,
我何必关心她是多么友好?
米尔波瓦公爵使自己方便了国王,他的名字现在便于人们使用 —— 用来调味炖菜或酱料的蔬菜串状物的方便名称。【“凯特纳餐桌用书”,伦敦,1877年】
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misogynism(n.)