起源于1805年的英语词汇列表
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chubbiness(n.)
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clearing-house(n.)
此外, clearinghouse 于1805年诞生,起源于 clearing 和 house(名词)。起初,这个机构由伦敦的银行家们建立,以解决彼此的支票和票据问题; 后来这个词推广到了类似的机构。
CLEARING, is a method adopted by city bankers, for exchanging the drafts on each others houses, and settling the differences.—Thus at a stated hour in the afternoon, a clerk from each attends at the Clearing House, where he brings all the drafts on the other bankers, which have been paid into his house during the course of the day; and, having debited their different accounts with the articles which he has against them, he deposits them in their proper drawers, (a drawer being here allotted to each banker:) he then credits their accounts respectively, with the articles which they have against him, as found in his drawer. Balances are then struck on all the accounts, and the differences are transferred from one to another, until they are so wound up, that each clerk has only to settle with two or three others, which is done in cash, or Bank of England notes. [P. Kelly, "The Elements of Book-Keeping," London, 1805]
清算,是城市银行家所采用的一种方法,用以交换彼此名下房屋的票据并结算差额。在每天下午规定的时间,每家银行的一位职员前往 Clearing House,携带当日收到的其他银行的票据,根据清单将每个账户标记相应的应收或应付项,然后将它们放入各自的抽屉里(每个银行家有自己的抽屉):然后他将各自的账户记上相应的付款或收款,记在其抽屉中找到对应的条目。最后,在各家银行之间核算结算,将差额相互转移,直到它们被合理处理,每位职员只需要与其他两三名职员结算,而这可以通过现金或英格兰银行券来完成。 [P.Kelly,“记账要素”,伦敦,1805年]
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cleavage(n.)
1805年,地质学和矿物学中,“岩石或宝石沿着天然裂缝干净地断裂的倾向”,源自 cleave(v.1)和 -age。一般意义上的“劈裂或被劈裂的行动或状态”始于1867年。
“低胸服装中女性胸部之间的裂缝”一词最早于1946年被记录下来,由《时代》杂志文章[8月5日]定义为“约翰斯顿办公室的行业术语,指女演员胸部的阴影凹陷将其分成两个明显的部分”; 传统上,美国公关约瑟夫·布林(Joseph I. Breen,1888-1965)首次在这个意义上使用,他是制片人协会的负责人(1945年由埃里克·约翰斯顿(Eric Johnston)接替),是好莱坞自我审查的执行者,指的是简·罗素在《亡命之徒》中的服装和姿势。
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club-house(n.)
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coarsen(v.)
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cruller(n.)
一种在热猪油中油炸至脆的甜甜圈,产于1805年的美国英语,似乎来自荷兰语“kruller”,源自中古荷兰语的“krullen”(卷曲),与(动词)curl 同源。可和弗里斯兰语 krillen, 瑞典语 krulla 作比较。还有中古英语的“crullen”(卷曲头发)。
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death-rattle(n.)
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diarist(n.)
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disremember(v.)
"忘记,不记得",1805年,一种口语,来自 dis- "相反的" + remember。相关: Disremembered; disremembering。
The improvements which are daily ushered to the world in our vernacular tongue afford reason to hope that it must soon arrive at the acme of perfection. With a great many of our wise folk, the old, absurd word forget is given over to oblivion, and the sonorous and elegant word dis-remember has completely taken its place. Ask one of these men any question to which he cannot return a ready answer, and he informs you that he dis-remembers. [The Port Folio, March 1810]
我们日常使用的语言不断改进,这让我们有理由希望它很快就会达到完美的顶峰。对于我们众多明智的人来说,古老而荒谬的单词 forget 已经被遗忘,响亮而优雅的单词 dis-remember 已经完全取代了它。问这些人任何一个他无法回答的问题,他会告诉你他 dis-remembers。[《The Port Folio》,1810年3月]
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expendable(adj.)