起源于1895年的英语单词列表
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petrol(n.)
"汽油,用于汽车的精炼石油",1895年,源自法语 pétrol(1892年); 早期用于指未经精炼的物质(1580年代),源自 petrole "石油"(13世纪),源自中世纪拉丁语 petroleum(参见 petroleum)。
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phase(v.)
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photosynthesis(n.)
1895年,德语 Photosynthese 的借译词,由 photo- “光”(见 photo-)和 synthese “合成”(见 synthesis)组成。相关词汇: Photosynthetic。另一个早期的词是 photosyntax。
[T]he body of the work has been rendered into English with fidelity, the only change of moment being the substitution of the word "photosynthesis" for that of "assimilation." This change follows from a suggestion by Dr. Barnes, made a year ago before the American Association at Madison, who clearly pointed out the need of a distinctive term for the synthetical process in plants, brought about by protoplasm in the presence of chlorophyll and light. He proposed the word "photosyntax," which met with favor. In the discussion Professor MacMillan suggested the word "photosynthesis," as etymologically more satisfactory and accurate, a claim which Dr. Barnes showed could not be maintained. The suggestion of Dr. Barnes not only received tacit acceptance by the botanists of the association, but was practically approved by the Madison Congress in the course of a discussion upon this point. [The Botanical Gazette, vol. xix, 1894]
“这部作品的主体已经被忠实地翻译成英语,唯一的重要变化是用“photosynthesis”代替“assimilation”这个词。这个变化源于巴恩斯博士在一年前在麦迪逊的美国协会上提出的建议,他清楚地指出了植物中由原生质在叶绿素和光的存在下引起的合成过程需要一个独特的术语。他提出了“photosyntax”这个词,得到了赞同。在讨论中,麦克米兰教授提出了“photosynthesis”这个词,从词源上更加令人满意和准确,这一点巴恩斯博士表明是无法维护的。巴恩斯博士的建议不仅得到了协会植物学家的默许,而且在关于这一点的讨论中,麦迪逊国会实际上也批准了这个建议。[植物学杂志,第19卷,1894年]
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pithecanthropus(n.)
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platelet(n.)
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poet(n.)
"诗人是一位拥有想象力、创造力和对应辞藻的人,通常但不必要地以韵律形式表达" [《世纪大词典》, 1895]。14世纪初,指“诗人,韵文作品的作者; 精通诗歌创作艺术; 歌唱家”(公元1200年作为姓氏),源自古法语 poete(12世纪,现代法语 poète),直接源自拉丁文 poeta “诗人”,源自希腊语 poētēs “制造者、创作者、诗人,”是 poiētēs 的一种变体,来自 poein 、poiein 的“制造、创造、作曲”。这是从 PIE *kwoiwo- “制造”中重建的[Watkins],源自根源 *kwei- “堆积、建造、制造”(源头还包括梵语 cinoti “堆积、积累”,古斯拉夫语 činu “行为、行动、命令”)。
它取代了古英语 scop(在 scoff 中仍有存留)。在14世纪,与古典语言一样,被用来指代所有文学作品的作者或作曲家。在16世纪至17世纪,通常被翻译为maker。
Poète maudit,“未被同时代人充分欣赏的诗人”,字面意思是“被诅咒的诗人”,出现于1930年,源于法语(1884年,Verlaine)。有关 poet laureate,请参见 laureate。
"Communication" will not explain poetry. I will not say that there is not always some varying degree of communication in poetry, or that poetry could exist without any communication taking place. There is room for very great individual variation in the motives of equally good individual poets; and we have the assurance of Coleridge, with the approval of Mr. Housman, that "poetry gives most pleasure when only generally and not perfectly understood." [T.S. Eliot, "The Use of Poetry and the Use of Criticism"]
“沟通”不能解释诗歌。我不会说在诗歌中没有始终如一的沟通程度,或者说诗歌可以在没有任何沟通发生的情况下存在。对于同样好的个人诗歌家的动机,有很大的个体差异; 我们有了柯勒律治的保证,并得到了豪兹曼先生的赞同,即“诗歌只有在被普遍理解而不是完全理解时才能带来最大的快乐。”[T.S.艾略特,“诗的用途和批评的用途”]
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Postum(n.)
一种咖啡替代品的专有名词,起源于1895年,源自美国食品制造业先驱查尔斯·威廉· Post(1854-1914)的拉丁化姓名,他是早餐麦片公司的创始人。
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prissy(adj.)
"过于精确,过于挑剔",1895年,可能是美国南方方言,首次见于乔尔·钱德勒·哈里斯的作品,可能是 precise(详见)的变体,或者是 prim 和 sissy 的合并 [OED]。相关词汇: Prissily; prissiness。
["]Then Mrs Blue Hen rumpled up her feathers and got mad with herself, and went to setting. I reckon that's what you call it. I've heard some call it 'setting' and others 'sitting.' Once, when I was courting, I spoke of a sitting hen, but the young lady said I was too prissy for anything."
"What is prissy?" asked Sweetest Susan.
Mr. Rabbit shut his eyes and scratched his ear. Then he shook his head slowly.
"It's nothing but a girl's word," remarked Mrs. Meadows by way of explanation. "It means that somebody's trying hard to show off."
"I reckon that's so," said Mr. Rabbit, opening his eyes. He appeared to be much relieved.
[Joel Chandler Harris, "Mr. Rabbit at Home"]
["]然后蓝母鸡抖了抖羽毛,生自己的气,开始孵蛋。我想那就是你们所说的“setting”。我听过有人称之为“setting”,也有人称之为“sitting”。有一次,我在求爱时,说了一只坐着的母鸡,但那位年轻女士说我太过挑剔了。"
"什么是 prissy?" Sweetest Susan 问道。
兔先生闭上眼睛,挠了挠耳朵。然后他缓慢地摇了摇头。
"这只是女孩的说法,"梅多斯夫人解释道。"它意味着有人在努力炫耀自己。"
"我想是这样,"兔先生睁开眼睛说。他似乎松了一口气。
[乔尔·钱德勒·哈里斯,《兔先生在家》]
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promnesia(n.)
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psychodectic(adj.)