typhus（n.）
斑疹伤寒，一种急性传染性发热病，通常伴随虚弱、谵妄和小红斑点，起源于1785年的医学拉丁语，源自希腊语 typhos “由发热引起的昏迷”，字面意思是“烟”，来自 typhein “冒烟”，与 typhos “盲”， typhon “旋风”有关，源自 PIE *dheubh-, 可能是 PIE 根 *dheu-（1）“灰尘、蒸汽、烟雾”的扩展形式。
The Greek term [typhos] (smoke, mist, fog) was employed by Hippocrates to define a confused state of the intellect, with a tendency to stupor (stupor attonitus); and in this sense it is aptly applied to typhus fever with its slow cerebration and drowsy stupor. Boissier de Sauvages first (in 1760) called this fever "typhus," and the name was adopted by Cullen of Edinburgh in 1769. Previous to the time of de Sauvages typhus was known as "Pestilential" or "Putrid Fever," or by some name suggested by the eruption, or expressive of the locality in which it appeared, as "Camp," "Jail," "Hospital," or "Ship Fever" (Murchison). [Thomas Clifford, ed., "A System of Medicine," New York, 1897]
希波克拉底用希腊语词汇[typhos] (smoke, mist, fog) 来定义智力混乱的状态，伴随昏迷的倾向 (stupor attonitus)； 在这个意义上，它适用于斑疹伤寒，因为它具有缓慢的脑功能和昏昏欲睡的昏迷状态。Boissier de Sauvages 在1760年首次将这种热称为“斑疹伤寒”，这个名字被爱丁堡的卡伦在1769年采用。在 de Sauvages 之前，斑疹伤寒被称为“瘟疫性”或“腐败性发热”，或者根据爆发的皮疹或表达出现地点的名称，如“营地”、“监狱”、“医院”或“船舶热”（默奇森）。[托马斯·克利福德（Thomas Clifford），编辑，《医学体系》，纽约，1897年]
相关词汇： typhous（形容词）。
该词起源时间：1785年