phrenology(n.)
"脑科学",1815年,字面意思是"心智科学",由 phreno- "心智"(参见)+ -logy "研究"组成。应用于 Gall 和 Spurzheim 发起的心智能力理论,导致了在19世纪40年代流行的通过观察头骨形状和头部"隆起"来读取个性特征的狂热。它最流行的时间是从1810年到1840年左右。相关词汇: Phrenological; phrenologist。
This theory, which originated at the close of the eighteenth century, assumes, moreover, as an essential part, the plasticity of the cranial envelop, by which the skull conforms externally, in the normal subject, to the shape and configuration of the brain within, so that its form and faculties may be determined, with sufficient exactness, from the skull itself, whether in the skeleton or in the living person. [Century Dictionary]
这一理论起源于18世纪末,还假定颅骨包裹的可塑性是其必要部分,因此在正常情况下,颅骨外部与内部的大脑形状和构造相一致,因此可以从头骨本身(无论是在骨骼中还是在活体中)确定其形态和能力。[世纪词典]
该词起源时间:1815年