leprechaun(n.)
约1600年,源自爱尔兰语 lupracan,是古爱尔兰语 luchorpan 的音位倒置,它传统上被解释为“一个非常小的身体”,由 lu “小的,微小的”(源自词根 *legwh- “轻的,重量小的”)和 corpan 构成,是 corp “身体”的小型形式,源自拉丁语 corpus “身体”(源自词根 *kwrep- “身体,形式,外观”)。然而,凯尔特语言学的研究最近发现了不同的解释,并将这个词与拉丁语 Lupercalia 联系起来:
New research by Simon Rodway, Michael Clarke and Jacopo Bisagni, published in the journal Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies, traces them back to the Roman Luperci. The Luperci were bands of aristocratic youths who ran naked through ancient Rome in the festival of Lupercalia on the 15 February. In the fifth century A.D. St Augustine of Hippo compared the Luperci with the Greek werewolves who were believed to change from men into wolves by swimming through a lake in Arcadia. Two centuries later Irish scholars misunderstood Augustine. They thought he meant that the Luperci were an ancient non-human race. Because they could swim they were supposed to have survived Noah's Flood and taken refuge in Ireland. So in medieval Irish legends the leprechauns or 'little Luperci' still lived under water. The wolf connection was soon forgotten and eventually the 'little Lupercus' became the familiar land-dwelling leprechaun of modern Irish folklore and tourism. [Patrick Sims-Williams, Professor of Celtic Studies in Aberystwyth University, Wales, cited at Languagelog]
西蒙·罗德韦,迈克尔·克拉克和雅各布·比萨尼在《康布里亚中世纪凯尔特研究》杂志上发表的新研究,将它们追溯到罗马 Lupercus。 Lupercus 是一群贵族青年,在2月15日的 Lupercalia 节日里赤裸奔跑穿过古罗马。公元5世纪,圣奥古斯丁·希波分别比较了 Lupercus 与希腊狼人。希腊狼人被认为是通过穿过阿卡迪亚湖由男人变成狼人的人。两个世纪后,爱尔兰学者误解了奥古斯丁。他们认为他的意思是 Lupercus 是一种古老的非人类种族。因为他们会游泳,所以他们被认为在挪亚的洪水中幸存下来,并逃到了爱尔兰。因此,在中世纪爱尔兰的传说中,小矮人或' little Lupercus'仍然生活在水下。狼的联系很快被遗忘,最终“小 Lupercus”变成了现代爱尔兰民间传说和旅游业的熟悉的陆地居民绿衣小妖精。[帕特里克·辛姆斯 - 威廉姆斯,威尔士阿伯里斯特威斯大学凯尔特研究教授,引自Languagelog]
在17世纪的英语中通常拼写为 lubrican; “Century Dictionary”(1902年)将其列为 leprechawn。leithbragan 变体可能是爱尔兰民间词源,由 leith “半个”和 brog “鞋子”的合成词构成,因为这个精灵“被认为总是忙于制作或修补一只鞋子”。
该词起源时间:约1600年