copperhead(n.)
Trigonocephalus contortrix,美国常见的有毒蛇,1775年,源自美国英语,因其眼睛之间的铜色斑纹而得名; 参见 copper(n.1)+ head(n.)。
危险的“潜行蛇”(因为与响尾蛇不同,它们会在没有前期动作或警告的情况下袭击),因此在指代隐藏的危险或秘密敌意时具有比喻意义。
The copper-head, though smaller, was much more feared. The rattle-snake was larger, sooner seen, and a true southerner, always living up to the laws of honor. He would not bite without provocation, and by his rattles gave the challenge in an honorable way. Instead of this well-bred warfare, the copper-head is a wrathy little felon, whose ire is always up, and he will make at the hand or the foot in the leaves or grass, before he is seen, and his bite is as poisonous as that of his brother of the larger fang. The young men tested his temper, and found that in his wrath he would bite a red hot coal. [Henry Howe, "Historical Collections of Ohio," 1854]
铜头蛇虽然较小,但更为人所惧。响尾蛇体型较大,更容易被发现,是真正的南方人,总是遵守荣誉法则。他不会无缘无故地咬人,而是通过他的响尾以一种光荣的方式发出挑战。与这种有教养的战争不同,铜头蛇是一个易怒的小罪犯,他的愤怒总是高涨,他会在草叶中向手或脚袭来,还有他的咬伤和他的大牙兄弟一样有毒。年轻人测试了他的脾气,发现在他的愤怒中,他会咬住一块红热的煤。[亨利·豪,"俄亥俄州历史文集",1854年]
具体指涉疑似同情南方叛乱的北方人,据说这个名字最早出现在格里利的纽约“论坛”(Tribune)上,即1861年7月20日。查尔斯·H·科尔曼(Charles H. Coleman)在《密西西比河谷历史评论》(Mississippi Valley Historical Review)25(1938),第263页中追溯了一封匿名信,反对俄亥俄州反战民主党人,发表在1861年夏天的辛辛那提“商业”(Commercial)报纸上。俄亥俄州伍兹菲尔德(Woodsfield)的“民主精神”(Spirit of Democracy)于1861年9月18日引用了“最后的根西岛时报”(The last Guernsey Times)的话,称民主党人为“分裂的铜头蛇”。直到1862年夏天,这个名字似乎才开始广泛使用。在战争之前,它是美国旧铜便士的口语名称。相关: Copperheadism。