cleaver（n.）
晚15世纪，"分裂者"，来自 cleave (v.1)的代理词。最初是指"用楔子而非锯子分裂木板的人"； 从14世纪中期开始，作为姓氏的一部分出现。"屠夫的长刀"的含义始于15世纪中期。Marrow-bones and cleavers 作为"粗糙音乐"的工具，始于1716年。
This last ["Marrowbones and Cleaver"] is a sign in Fetter Lane, originating from a custom, now rapidly dying away, of the butcher boys serenading newly married couples with these professional instruments. Formerly, the band would consist of four cleavers, each of a different tone, or, if complete, of eight, and by beating their marrowbones skilfully against these, they obtained a sort of music somewhat after the fashion of indifferent bell-ringing. When well performed, however, and heard from a proper distance, it was not altogether unpleasant. ... The butchers of Clare market had the reputation of being the best performers. ... This music was once so common that Tom Killigrew called it the national instrument of England. [Larwood & Hotten, "The History of Signboards from the Earliest Times to the Present Day," London, 1867]
最后一个["骨髓和切肉刀"]是 Fetter Lane 的一个标志，源自一个现在正在逐渐消失的习俗，即屠夫的男孩们用这些专业工具为新婚夫妇演奏小夜曲。以前，乐队会由四把不同音调的切肉刀组成，或者如果完整的话，由八把组成，他们通过熟练地用骨髓敲击这些刀，得到一种类似于普通钟声的音乐。然而，当演奏得好，且从适当的距离听到时，它并不全然令人不悦。... Clare 市场的屠夫有着最佳表演者的声誉。...这种音乐曾经如此普遍，以至于 Tom Killigrew 称其为英格兰的国家乐器。[Larwood & Hotten, "The History of Signboards from the Earliest Times to the Present Day," London, 1867]
该词起源时间：15世纪末