h字母开头的词汇列表
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high-wire(n.)
"tightrope," 1895年,来自 high(形容词)+ wire(名词)。
I looked in at the Alhambra the other night, and found an excellent show, notably, a high-wire act by Mdlle. Virginia Aragon. A very handsome Spaniard with coal-black tresses, she does her work with great neatness. The best thing she does is to kneel on the wire, and, leaning forward, pick up with her teeth from between her knees, a handkerchief. Then she swings on the wire, balancing herself with one foot only. Altogether, she is the smartest wire-walker I've seen for many a day. Her sister, by the way, is a trapezist and figured at the Empire not long ago. [The Sketch, Nov. 27, 1895]
我最近在阿尔罕布拉宫看了一场精彩的表演,尤其是由弗吉尼亚·阿拉贡小姐表演的高空走钢丝。她是一位非常漂亮的西班牙女子,黑发披肩,表演非常整洁。她最厉害的表演是跪在钢丝上,向前倾斜,用牙齿从膝盖之间拾起手帕。然后她在钢丝上摇摆,只用一只脚保持平衡。总的来说,她是我见过的最聪明的走钢丝者。顺便说一句,她的姐姐是一名空中飞人,不久前在帝国剧院表演过。[《The Sketch》,1895年11月27日]
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hijab(n.)
一些穆斯林妇女戴的面纱,在1906年的双语词典中有这个意义; 在古典阿拉伯语中,它的意思是“隔板、屏幕、帷幕”,并且通常指“女性的规矩和着装规范”; 来自根词 h-j-b。在1800年的英语词典中,“印度斯坦语言”中被定义为“谦虚、羞耻”,在其他类似的词典中,它有“遮盖、隐藏、掩盖”的含义。1906年的词典中也将 hijab 定义为“谦虚”。
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hijack(v.)
源自1922年(可能约1918年)的美国英语,起源不明;可能是来自high(way)加上jacker「抢劫者」(来自jack(动词)的执行者名词)。早期使用是指在途中抢劫(非法酒商、走私者等);1968年有「在飞行中夺取飞机」的意思(也在1961年的变体skyjack中有提到),1970年代扩展到任何形式的公共交通。相关词语: Hijacked;hijacking。相关: Hijacker。
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hijinks(n.)
还有 hi-jinks, high jinks,"喧闹的恶作剧,活泼或喧闹的运动",1842年,源自饮酒聚会上玩的游戏的名称(1690年代)。参见 jink。
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hijra(n.)
也称 hijrah,是 hegira 的更正确形式。
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hike(v.)
1809年, hyke “迅速行走”,这是一个来源不明的英语方言词。1736年的 yike 有相同的意义。直到20世纪初才广泛使用。
HIKE, v. to go away. It is generally used in a contemptuous sense. Ex. "Come, hike," i.e. take yourself off; begone. [Rev. Robert Forby, "The Vocabulary of East Anglia," London, 1830]
HIKE, v。走开。通常用于蔑视的意义。例如:“来, hike”,即离开; 滚蛋。[罗伯特·福比牧师,《东盎格鲁词汇》,伦敦,1830年]
“拉起”(如裤子)的意义首次出现在1873年的美国英语中,可能是 hitch 的变体; “提高”(如工资)的扩展意义是1867年。相关词汇: Hiked; hiking。
hike(n.)
1865年,来自 hike(动词)。
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hiker(n.)
1908年,动词 hike 的代词名词。早期指一种船:
The "hiker" or "tuck-up" as it is more generally termed, is a craft peculiar to the Delaware River, and is to the youth residing along the banks of that stream what the racing shell is to the Torontonian .... The origin of the name "hiker" is veiled in mystery. No member of the clubs engaged in sailing these boats can give anything like a satisfactory derivation of the word. The most common explanation is that it is corrupted from the local verb "to hike," which means to run or fly swiftly. ["Harper's Young People," 1885]
“Hiker”或“Tuck-up”是特有于特拉华河的一种船,对于居住在河岸边的青年来说,它就像是多伦多人的赛艇一样……“Hiker”这个名字的起源充满了神秘色彩。这些驾驶这些船只的俱乐部成员中没有人能够给出一个令人满意的词源。最常见的解释是它是从当地的动词“to hike”(意为快速奔跑或飞奔)中演变而来的。[“哈珀少年人”,1885年]
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hilarity(n.)
15世纪中期,源自拉丁语 hilaritatem(主格 hilaritas)“愉快,欢乐,欢笑”,源自希腊语 hilaros “愉快,欢乐,快乐”,与 hilaos “优美,友善”, hilaskomai “安抚,平息,调和”有关,可能源自一个 PIE 词根 *selh- “调和”(也是拉丁语 solari “安慰”的来源)。
在古罗马, Hilaria(hilaris 的中性复数形式)是一类节日,是盛大欢庆的时刻; 在春分时节,为了纪念赛贝莉,会有公共的庆祝活动,此外还有私人的庆祝活动,如婚礼或儿子的诞生日。
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hilarious(adj.)
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hill(n.)
古英语 hyll “山丘”,源自原始日耳曼语 *hulni-(也是中古荷兰语 hille,低地德语 hull “山丘”,古诺尔斯语 hallr “石头”,哥特语 hallus “岩石”,古诺尔斯语 holmr “海湾中的小岛”,古英语 holm “上升的土地,岛屿”),源自 PIE 词根 *kel-(2)“突出; 山丘”。曾经包括山脉。
In Great Britain heights under 2,000 feet are generally called hills; 'mountain' being confined to the greater elevations of the Lake District, of North Wales, and of the Scottish Highlands; but, in India, ranges of 5,000 and even 10,000 feet are commonly called 'hills,' in contrast with the Himalaya Mountains, many peaks of which rise beyond 20,000 feet. [OED]
在英国,高度低于2,000英尺的地方通常被称为山丘; “山”一词仅限于湖区,北威尔士和苏格兰高地的更高海拔地区; 但在印度,高达5,000甚至10,000英尺的山脉通常被称为“山丘”,与喜马拉雅山形成对比,后者的许多峰顶高出20,000英尺。[OED]
The term mountain is very loosely used. It commonly means any unusual elevation. In New England and central New York, elevations of from one to two thousand feet are called hills, but on the plains of Texas, a hill of a few hundred feet is called a mountain. [Ralph S. Tarr, "Elementary Geology," Macmillan, 1903]
术语 mountain 的使用非常宽泛。它通常意味着任何不寻常的高度。在新英格兰和纽约中部,高度在一到两千英尺之间的地方被称为山丘,但在德克萨斯州的平原上,几百英尺高的山丘被称为山。[拉尔夫·S·塔尔,“初级地质学”,麦克米伦,1903]
Despite the differences in defining mountain systems, Penck (1896), Supan (1911) and Obst (1914) agreed that the distinction between hills, mountains, and mountain systems according to areal extent or height is not a suitable classification. ["Geographic Information Science and Mountain Geomorphology," 2004]
尽管定义山脉的差异很大,但 Penck(1896年),Supan(1911年)和 Obst(1914年)都认为,根据面积或高度区分山丘、山脉和山脉系统并不是一个合适的分类。[“地理信息科学和山地地貌学”,2004]
比喻短语 over the hill “过了巅峰”记录于1950年。表达式 old as the hills 记录于1819年,可能是在模仿约伯书15.7。早期形式 old as the hills and the valleys 可追溯到1808年:
And this is no "new morality." It is morality as old as the hills and the valleys. It is a morality which must be adopted; or, we must confess that there are certain political evils greater than that of seeing one's country conquered. [Cobbett's Weekly Political Register, Feb. 6, 1808]
这并不是“新道德”。这是一种和山丘和山谷一样古老的道德。这是一种必须采用的道德; 否则,我们必须承认,有些政治上的恶行比看到自己的国家被征服更大。[科贝特的每周政治注册,1808年2月6日]
科贝特在1818年4月11日也有:
However, thus it always is: "those whom God intends to destroy, he first makes foolish," which is a saying as old as the hills between Everly and Marlborough.
然而,事情总是这样的:“上帝要毁灭谁,就先让他变傻”,这是一个在 Everly 和 Marlborough 之间古老如山的说法。
hill(v.)
"用土覆盖成山形,1570年代; "形成山丘",1580年代,源自 hill(名词)。相关词汇: Hilled; hilling。